Organizational behaviour assignment

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The best place to live in the world – Montenegro

There are many beautiful places in the world that offer people a nice and comfortable life, regardless of some minor problems that exist even in the most developed countries in the world. One of those places where life is pleasant is Montenegro. Actually, it is not one of the nice places, but it is the best place to live among all of those beautiful places. Montenegro was a republic of former Yugoslavia, and it recently became a part of a new state called Serbia and Montenegro. Although it is a small place with about six hundred thousands people living there, Montenegro has everything that a big place can offer for living. Its schools, hospitals, public transportation, and various institutions that are important for making life comfortable are all organized as in any other developed country. But what this place distinguishes from all other places in the world are the following characteristics: climate, seaside, nature, sustainable development, mountains, and many other important factors that determine the attractiveness of Montenegro. The climate is the most significant factor that makes the life in Montenegro unique. There are all of the four seasons throughout a year. Winter, spring, summer and autumn are all equally important seasons. The whiteness of snow and the fresh air of a winter day, the exhilarating feeling of spring and melting of the white cover in spring time, the constant sunshine in summer, and the calm yellow color of falling leaves in autumn are all factors that determine the physical and the mental health of people. For example, winter brings fresh air and various snow sports can be played at this time to improve the physical condition, while the colors of spring can affect our mood and determine ones mental state. Although it seems that one place having four seasons is a widespread appearance, it is not the case very often. Many places have only one season, and many of them have two seasons, usually summer and winter combined. Definitely, the splendor and benefits of all of the four seasons cannot be replaced by any other advantage that any place in the world can offer to its citizens. Furthermore, the beautiful Montenegro is set on the Adriatic coast. All its beaches have kept their natural beauty; there is no artificial sand as it is the case with many famous beaches all over the world. The beaches vary from very long to quite small. Some of the largest reach up to three kilometers. Some of the main advantages of the long beaches are that entrance on these beaches is always free, price of food and beverage is lower, and the offer of sport and entertainment programs is wider. On the other hand, the small beaches can offer more privacy. Business people who want to escape from everyday duties and responsibilities, and who want to spend their holiday in a peaceful environment usually visit these more expensive and serene beaches. In addition, Montenegro has some very small beaches that are very difficult to reach, or they can be reached only by boat. They offer an extra quiet holiday for only a couple of people who want to be in a complete isolation. Thus the advantage of Montenegrin seaside is that there are different kinds of beaches created to meet needs of different people. Moreover, there are many foreign investors who recognized the potential of Montenegrin cost for tourism, and whose investments should make the cost even more attractive. Since the core consequence of the investments would be increased population (because of newly build facilities), the conservation of the environment could be in question. In order to protect nature from the consequences of the new investments, the government of Montenegro issued some regulations that protect natural beauties of Montenegro. Therefore, one of the main conditions for the foreign investors who want to invest in development of the tourism was not to destroy nature, but to make it better and more attractive. The investors will have to find out new ways of maintaining water, air, beaches and parks clean and unpolluted while building new facilities and bringing tourists into Montenegro. These environmental regulations are very significant because they help sustainable development of this wonderful place. Beside fabulous seaside, Montenegro has two mountains. On one of them, there is a ski center that is visited not only by domestic visitors, but by foreign tourists as well. The domestic guests benefit a lot from having the ski center in Montenegro. First of all, they do not have to travel abroad in wintertime when the trip can be unpleasant because of wet and slick roads. Than, prices are much lower than anywhere abroad, which allows people to stay longer for the same amount of money than they would stay anywhere else. Also, because of the convenient climate in wintertime, the quality of snow is mostly excellent, which means that artificial snow is never used. That is very important for skiers (especially for professionals), because quality of snow directly affect quality of skiing. To sum up, Montenegro is definitely the best place to live in the world. Some of the convincing reasons have already been mentioned, but there are many of them that could be further discussed and used as the supporting material. This small place that offers everything needed for pleasant and comfortable life, say enough for itself. Whoever visits it or comes to live there is amazed by its gorgeousness, and wish to stay to live there. Therefore, I have not been trying to convince readers that Montenegro is the best place, but to convince them to visit it. Once they visit it, the people will have their own opinion that can be nothing else but that Montenegro is the best place on earth.

Personal Learning Profile of a Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Personal Learning Profile of a Student - Essay Example Before carrying out the assessment, I had a different version of my profile. However, after the entire analysis, I found out that I have a very different kind of personal learning profile than what I had taken it to be. One of the beliefs I had in myself before this course is listening skills. All along, I had assumed that I possess excellent listening skills. I thought that it is my good communication skills that have put in the right path for establishing good interpersonal relations with my colleagues, teachers, parents and anyone else with whom I have been interacting on my day to day basis. It was not so, I would not have learned to communicate with them (Knapp & Daly, 2002). After all, I was once taught that no one can listen to you if you do not lend them your ears. The other thing I knew about myself is that I am a good time manager. This is another trait that in my opinion, I believed would make me be a good student. Time is a very important resource that should be properly managed at all times. Being that I would adhere to the school routine and accomplish all my tasks in time, I thought that I was a good time manager. Since I joined this institution, I had never had cases of absenteeism or lateness. Meaning, rather than being punctual in all my activities, I have never skipped classes. The daily attendance of all my classes made me excel in my curricular and extra-curricular activities. At the same time, being organized gave me enough time to use for accomplishing all my activities. Thus, I could describe myself as a responsible student who had excellent time management and interpersonal skills. Meanwhile, I had taken myself as an honest student who has been so sincere in most of my deals. As a religious person, I always believe that I should be truthful at all times.

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway Dissertation

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation Limited - Dissertation Example The research has played an important role in highlighting the importance and need of customer satisfaction in the success and growth of the organsiation. The researcher had always an interest in understanding the dynamics of marketing and strategic management and the research offered an opportunity to learn different intricacies of the subject matter. While conducting the research, there were moments when the whole idea of achieving the proposed aim and objectives was looking far away. However, with due support of professors, friends and family, there was a new way that helped in gaining confidence of learning new things. It was really nice to interact with a number of people and analysing their views and opinions on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is an abstract concept that requires thorough understanding of the nature and preference of customers. The researcher learnt a lot by analysing the views and opinions of customers that were very similar to the literature. An u nderstanding over the different facets of the research allowed the researcher to look things from different angles and perspectives and this learning has been pretty useful that can be incorporated in the personal and professional life. Every research is a kind of journey that adds great value. The researcher has been lucky enough to learn patience, understanding and analysis of things and opinions from different perspectives and angles. ... NT Knowledge is in the end based on acknowledgement- Ludwig Wittgenstein Every research starts with a general idea that gets depth and value with the support and guidance of others. Knowledge is doubled when share and supported in a compassionate manner. The researcher would like to thank his supervisor†¦ for his kind support and positive motivation that helped in achieving the proposed aim and objectives of the research. His continuous guidance created good amount of interest that has been reflected in the research. The researcher would also like to thank his professor†¦ for offering him key insights over the subject matter. Without his guidance and efforts, things would have been a bit different in terms of results and outcomes. The researcher would like to appreciate the management of the University that allowed him to access library and other electronic sources that helped in gaining knowledge over the subject matter. More importantly, this created a positive response f rom the researcher side in terms of delivering the goods in an expected manner. The role of family in supporting the research cause has been immense and without their support and motivation; things would have not shaped in a desired manner. Their understanding and constant support allowed the researcher to add continuous value to the research topic. The researcher would also like to thank his friends for sharing their ideas and views over the research topic that helped in developing multiple perspectives. Overall, a deep gratitude to everyone who made this research journey a successful one. The researcher would like to thank everyone for their direct and indirect support and dedicate the entire effort to their support and motivation. Their presence and guidance helped in identifying various issues

What Were the Consequences of the Enron Scandal Case Study

What Were the Consequences of the Enron Scandal - Case Study Example This case study represents a bold attempt to answer the question stated in the work's title: What Were the Consequences of the Enron Scandal? Enron, â€Å"a provider of products and services related to natural gas, electricity and communications to wholesale and retail costumers† represented one of the largest fraud scandals in history. As a result of the fraud investigations, the company was forced to file for bankruptcy in December 2001. While the bankruptcy of a small company is taken as a routine, Enron’s case is different as the company was ranked seventh by Fortune 500. During the 1990s, Enron expended quickly into several areas such as developing a power plant and a pipeline. This expansion, however, required large initial capital investments and long gestation period. By that time, Enron already raised a lot of debt funds from the market and hence any other attempt to raise funds would affect Enron’s credit rating. But Enron had to maintain the credit ranking at investment rate in order to continue business. On top of that, the company wasn’t making enough profits either, as it promised to investors. Hence, Enron began making partnerships and other special â€Å"arrangements† (Special Purpose Entity, or SPE). These companies were used to keep Enron’s debts and losses away from its balance sheets, therefore allowing it have a good credit rating and look good in front of the investors. Figure 1 How SPEs worked Adapted from Chary, VRK. (2004). Ethics in Accounting. Global Cases and Experiences. Punjagutta. The ICFAI University Pres., India, pg. 115 -$ millions- Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 Revenues 20,273 31,260 40,112 100,789 Total assets 22,552 29,350 33,381 65,503 Long Term Debt 6,254 7,357 7,151 8,550 Shareholder's Funds 5,618 7,048 9,570 11,470 Table 1 Enron's Financial Highlights Adapted from Chary, VR. ((2004). Ethics in Accounting. Global Cases and Experiences. Punjagutt., The ICFAI University Press. India. pg. 119 Enron's goal was to bypass the rules of consolidation and still increase credibility. If a parent company (in this case Enron) financed less than 97% of an initial investment in a SPE, it didn't have to consolidate in into its own accounts. If properly done, the legal isolation and the third party control over the SPE, reduce the risk of the credit. Therefore, off-balance sheet treatment of such a SPE involves enough third party equity. The third party's equity must be "at risk", otherwise the transferor would be required to consolidate the SPE into its own financial statements. Up to end of 2000, no one pointed fingers at Enron. For 2000, the corporation reported $101 billion revenue and the auditors gave a clean report. But, at this stage, Enron announced its intention that during the third quarter of 2001, it would book a loss of $1.01 billion and, at the same time, reducing shareholders' funds by $1.2 billion as a result of correcting accounting errors in the past. After a long trial, Andrew Fastow, the former Enron finance executive has been sentenced to six years in prison. Fastow pleaded guilty for fraud and money laundering in 2004 and also became the chief whiteness in the trial against Jeffrey Skilling and Ken Lay. His testimony helped convict Lay (who died in July 2006 after a heart-attack) and Skilling, who was sentenced to 24 years in jail. In May 2006, the latter was found guilty on 19 counts of conspiracy, fraud and inside trading over Enron scandal. Skilling was found to have orchestrated a series of deals and financial scheme which later

Business Strategy in Global Environment Assignment

Business Strategy in Global Environment - Assignment Example The use of principles that simplify, reduce, and prescribe is an enduring feature of writings on business strategy. The writings of von Clausewitz and de Jomini outline a continuum between descriptive and prescriptive approaches to strategy. The Canadian management scholar Henry Mintzberg uses this distinction in Strategy Safari: A Guided Tour Through the Wilds of Strategic Management (1998), written with Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel. 10. The configuration school, which views strategy as a process of transforming the organisation -- it describes the relative stability of strategy, interrupted by occasional and dramatic leaps to new ones. "Mintzberg and his colleagues classify the voluminous writings on management strategy into 10 different "schools." The first three of these, in order of their emergence, include the design school (mainly associated with Professor Ken Andrews and the Harvard Business School), the planning school, and the position school (of which Harvard's Michael Porter is the best-known exponent). These schools are analytical and prescriptive. For example, H. Igor Ansoff's Corporate Strategy: An Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion (1965), the classic planning text, is full of complex flow diagrams. For those with the planning mind-set, strategy is formulated through a controlled, conscious, explicit process conducted by the CEO (and a group of planners) in a top-down, formal fashion and emerges fully formed from this process ready for implementation. " (David K. Hurst) However, this classic planning approach to strategy suffered a deathblow in the 1970s when

Komodo dragons and their behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Komodo dragons and their behaviour - Essay Example Reptiles, belong to the class referred to as Reptilia, can be described as the evolutionary grade of those animals that comprise today’s snakes, tuatara, lizards, and crocodilians among others. It examines the life of their extinct relatives as well as the long-gone ancestors of the present-day mammals. Because of their diversity and evolutionary history, it is important to realize that the level of validity in this class has not been supported universally in various scientific circles. However, the practice has remained to be used by many laymen and biologists especially those in the media. Herpetology is the kind of study that specializes in reptiles, examining their history and evolutionary trends. It also examines the life of amphibians with the same motive as that highlighted above, for reptiles (Ariefiandy et al.67). Some of the earliest known reptiles originate from around 315M years. This happened, especially in the Carboniferous times. Some of the early examples of amphibians include Westlothiana and Hylonomus, Casineria, which according to history may be some of the only known land-dwelling amphibians (Ariefiandy et al. 70). Besides existing amphibians, many diverse groups have now become extinct due to many reasons including mass extinctions. However, the point of interest is to understand how the present day reptiles behave in their natural habitats, something that can help in the development of effective management and conservation approaches and strategies.

Management during Low Sales Volume Research Paper

Management during Low Sales Volume - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that reducing labor expenses can save many employees’ job and organization can keep knowledge and talents of longtime employees for the purpose of growth in future. It is possible for reducing compensation and benefit provided from the end of the organization. So in such case, a restructure on salary, benefits and compensation are required. Employees should do the multitasking activities. If some of the employees are inefficient in this field then management will take immediate action against them. Again expansion of new business strategy can improve the present scenario of sales. Periodic review of financial statements should be done in the more stringent way for reducing the chances of fraudulent sales data. No unconfirmed sales data should be recorded in an organizational accounting system. Anticipatory sales data should also not to be included in the financial statements of this organization. Sales procedures should not be conducted without any signe d purchase order from the respective end. Again confirm contact details are required for completing a sales activity. If any bonus was paid on the basis of fictitious order then that amount of bonus should be taken off by the end of the management. Staffing cost is based on the sales number. So, in this case, the amount of bonus will increase the amount of total cost of this organization. For improving employee communication method, human resource managers should take proper initiatives. They should listen to the problems of employees and respond according to the situation. Communication gap needs to be minimized between lower level staffs and upper-level managers. Otherwise, managers would not be able to know about the operational problems. Effective communication many times solves so many operational difficulties within an organization. In the effective communication process, individuals can share their ideas and views with others and thus the organization can operate its business activities in a more innovative way. For building effective communication procedure, face to face conversation is necessary. Again managers should keep the track records of employees’ activities.

Islam, Quran, Sunnah Essay Example for Free

Islam, Quran, Sunnah Essay The paper talks about the importance of the Quran and the Sunnah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practices, and law, and their influence in Muslims daily life Islam. Islam is a religion that was originated when Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) began to spread the teachings of Allah (God of the followers of Islam) in the 7th century. God choose Prophet Mohammad as his last messenger and ordered the Prophet to spread his teachings and to ask everyone to believe in the oneness of Allah and the people who follow Islam are called the Muslims. Quran is the book of God that was revealed to Prophet Mohammad through Angel Jibrael and the Muslims consider the book to be a very Holy Book of God that covers each and every aspect of life and the word Quran stands for recitation. It talks about everything a human being needs to seek guidance for and it tells the right way of how to live your life. When the Quran was revealed, the language it was written in was Arabic, however, now the book is available in all translations so that people can read and understand the true context of the book well and can follow its teachings. The teachings in the Quran differentiate the right from wrong and also tell the benefits of selecting the right path and the consequences of selecting the wrong path. The Muslims who select the right path would always benefit in the world and also in the hereafter i. e. life after death. Quran does not force anyone to adopt the right or the wrong path but it does portray the negative and the positive aspects of the path the Muslims select. As mentioned above, Quran is a complete book of guidance for the Muslims and it covers every aspect of life. To further explain this, I would give some examples of what Quran speaks of. Some of the very basics that Islam as well as other religions also ask the human community to do is to always select the right path that means they should not cheat anyone, they should not lie, they should not betray anyone or should not take the sue share of another person. As said by the Quran and the Prophet Mohammad, the Muslims who will follow the teachings of Islam and implement the etchings of the Quran will always be successful in every way and the most important thing is that Allah (God) will also love such people and this would then result in the worldly reward or the reward of going to Heaven after death. When the Quran was revealed, the companions of Prophet Mohammad used to write down each and every verse of Allah and the Book was later complied and the text is still the same as it was when it was revealed. The Muslims also believe that each and every word is the Book is the word of Allah. Quran is thus very important in shaping up the life of a Muslim and is one of the primary sources of Islamic beliefs. Other than the Quran, the Sunnah is also considered to be one of the primary sources of the Islamic believes. The word Sunnah basically refers to the path that Prophet Mohammad choose to live his life and it includes the traditions he followed, his actions and words, what he practiced. Overall, it basically the way he had chosen to live his life. The Muslims follow the example of the Prophet Mohammad mainly through the Hadiths. Prophet Mohammad did each and everything God asked him to do and led his whole life always by choosing the right path. For instance, Prophet Mohammad taught the Muslims to offer prayers both individually as well as in congregation especially for the men and that is what the Muslims follow today especially on every Friday when all Muslim men go to the mosque to offer the Friday prayers. Since the time of Prophet Mohammad, people have learned how to live in a practical manner and this has been transmitted to their future generations. The Muslims also adopt the living style of the Prophet that includes his habits and style and the way he dealt with the other people. He was always considerate and caring, he always used to forgive others and he always used to be polite with others and this is what the Muslims must inculcate in themselves as well. The Quran also talks about Prophet Mohammad and has commanded the Muslims to follow what the Prophet has taught and to obey the teachings of the Prophet at all times. The significance of Sunnah is moreover also to please God by doing what His most loved Prophet did and to embrace his way of living. Both the Quran and the Sunnah therefore, play a very vital role in shaping up the life of a Muslim and so these have a great influence on the lives of the Muslim community. Work Cited Neusner, Jacob. World Relgions in America: An Introduction. 3rd Edn. Westminster John Knox Press, 2003. Swarup, Ram. Understanding the Hadith: The Sacred Traditions of Islam. 1st Edn. Prometheus Books, 2002. Voorst, Robert. E. V. Anthology of World Scriptures. 6th Edn. Wadsworth Publishing, 2007. Waqner, Walter H. Opening the Quran: Introducing Islams Holy Book. 1st Edn. University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.

Nebobites Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Nebobites Ethical Dilemma Essay This case involves a small public traded company named Nebobites, which manufactures dog treats. Jenny O. , CPA, is the new Assistant Controller for the Nebobites’ company, and her job is to review and audit the financial statements for the 2012 year. While reviewing the financial statements, Jenny noticed the company’s Allowance for Doubtful Accounts balance seemed significantly higher than in the past. This increase in the Allowance account was due to the Bad Debt Expense estimation being based off 3% of net credit sales instead of the prior years’ estimate of 1. %. The increase in Bad Debts expense as a result of the increase in estimate materially affected the 2012 earnings. However, 2012 had been a great year for earnings, so the additional expense did not disturb the earnings growth trend Nebobites’ had experienced in the past. However, upon further research, Jenny could find no justification for the increase in the Bad Debt Expense estimate from 1. 5% of net credit sales to 3%. Jenny decides to approach her boss, the Controller, Maxwell Devious. He tells Jenny he is aware of the practice known as â€Å"income smoothing. Maxwell Devious says showing a steady growth in earnings was essential to keep the Nebobite stock price high as possible as the Smith family planned to sell-off a significant number of shares in early 2014. Jenny feels extremely uncomfortable with this practice, and she knows that this year’s financial statements will retain an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate and more than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. 2. An ethical decision must be made by Jenny, because she is going to have to decide what is morally right or wrong. This fake presentation of increase in earnings will potentially affect every stakeholder involved with the company including their shareholders, creditors, management, employees and the customers. This faulty practice will leave an overstated Bad Debt Expense estimate for the year and more than likely result in an understated Bad Debt Expense estimate in 2013. Jenny needs to decide whether she thinks it is more important to look profitable to investors and appear to have greater wealth or is it more important to show creditors that they do not have sufficient funds to cover their debts. She also knows that Maxwell Devious, the Controller, has an employee profit sharing plan, a management bonus plan based on earnings, significant bank loans outstanding and is planning on raising funds through a bond issue in 2014; all of these are affected by the earnings for the year. 3. By deciding not to change the estimate back to the appropriate percentage of 1. 5%, it does single out individuals and the upper management group. These individuals that are Jenny’s superiors simply do not want her to make the adjustment because it is in their best interest (looking profitable amp; performance bonuses) and not in the company and its stakeholders’ best interest as a whole. It is also a legal violation because the company’s CEO and other top-level personnel should swear that all financial data for the company is relevant and accurate, and they knowingly defy corporate policies and the GAAP. 4. In this particular situation, Jenny is faced with a couple options; some of which are favorable, others not so much. Jenny can choose to abide by her scandalous boss, and decide to go along with the inappropriate change in estimate. This choice may blow over for the time being, but in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be immediately terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial. Another possible route Jenny could take would be to report the inappropriate practices to an outsider’s attention, such as an external auditing firm. By doing so, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be fired. Although she will eventually have to find a new job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of finding a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites. Another final option that I would see plausible in this situation would be to simply quit, if the Controller did not want to change the estimation and swear on the financial statements. The legal risk is too high in the case, and you do not want the downfall of Nebobites to be on your shoulders. 5. By deciding to go along with the inappropriate change in estimate, Jenny’s job may be safe for the time being, but in the long run, Jenny and the company may be audited in the future exploiting their mistakes made in the 2012 financial statements. This could cause Jenny to be immediately terminated when the mistakes were finally found, as well as the possibility of jail time after an investigation and trial. This is morally and legally wrong because she knowingly goes against corporate policies and the generally accepted accounting principles in order to reap the benefits. By reporting the inappropriate practices to an outsider’s attention, such as an external auditing firm, she could save her job possibly for the time the company is being investigated, but may later be fired. Although she will eventually have to find a new job, this choice may save her from being in trouble with the law and potentially boost her chances of finding a new job due to her discovery at Nebobites. By choosing this option, Jenny acts in a dignified and legal manner. She knows that she is doing what is right and is protecting stakeholders of the company. The other option of simply just resigning or quitting her position would not have much effect on the company. She is acting morally because she is not going along with the inappropriate practices of Nebobites, but she is not doing what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. The company will most likely find a new Assistant Controller for the operation who will go along with the unlawful scheme. This ultimately resulting in the downfall of the company, when Jenny could have prevented this and saved thousands of jobs by alerting an outside auditor. 6. By alerting an outside auditor to investigate this situation, Jenny does what is in the best interest for all stakeholders. This will eventually reveal the truth and allow shareholders to see the negative affect on stock prices, creditors can be informed on the debt situation of our company and be aware of the risk of dealing with us. Management will be disappointed with the actions of Jenny, in which they sacrificed their performance bonuses and will most likely fire her. The company will still have a chance to flourish, however, when the economy turns back around. By keeping the inappropriate estimate, Jenny will most likely be in the praises of her superiors for the bonuses they received; but, in the longer run, the company’s financial statements will be inaccurate and liabilities to creditors will go unpaid. Shareholders will actual lose more money and the company has the potential to go bankrupt any day if the economy does not take a sudden turn around. The top executives, as well as Jenny, should live in fear of being exploited of their misinterpretations and eventually will get caught up in severe legal trouble. If Jenny simply quit without seeking outside assistance from auditors, she is still acting in a somewhat immoral and illegal manner. This is because the stakeholders of the company will inevitably still be in serious trouble due to the deception of Jenny and the upper management of the Nebobites’ company. . I believe that it is in the best interest for Jenny to consult an outside auditing firm. Although it could potentially make her lose her job when her superiors are notified, it enlightens all stakeholders involved with the Nebobites’ company. The risk is too great if Jenny decides to leave the inappropriate estimate as is; she risks not only losing her job, bu t also risks going to jail, as well as losing her CPA license entirely. It is worth far more in life to be an honest and truthful person who looks out for others than it is to be a deceitful and uncaring.

Understanding Development And Supporting Equality Children And Young People Essay

Understanding Development And Supporting Equality Children And Young People Essay Every child has different rate and aspect of development. Hence, it is of utmost importance to understand a childs development. It helps us to understand the social, physical, intellectual, communication and language and emotional development that an individual grows through from birth to 19years. We can divide the sequence of childs development for each age range into 5 different aspects. They are social, physical, intellectual, communication and language and emotional. AGE 0 6 MONTHS: Social Development: An infant from birth cries when hungry. Gradually, he/she can recognise adults especially a mothers face and voice. He/she likes to watch their mums face or an adults face during feeding time. He/she smiles at familiar faces and voices. Physical Development: A baby just after birth sleeps most of the time and grows fast. A child by 6 months turns its head towards sound and movements. A child by this age starts to kick legs with movements gradually becoming smoother. Also, a baby starts to develop their hand eye co-ordination. He/she learns to roll from side on to back. A child enjoys finger play. Intellectual Development: A baby starts to recognise its parents by the age of 2 months. An infant reacts to familiar voice rather than unfamiliar voices. A baby observes the moving objects and stares at bright colours. Baby tries to explore by putting things into mouth. Communication and language development: By 3 months an infant makes a variety of happy sounds. A baby starts to respond to variety of music and other sounds. A baby tries to imitate the movement of the lips of an adult. Emotional Development: A baby at this age, usually very attached to its mother. If handled by unfamiliar methods and care, a baby may get upset. In this age, a child requires a familiar routine and also requires the security and the reassurance. AGE 6 12 MONTHS: Social Development: Baby of this age tries to communicate and respond to familiar people. By 9 months, a child is very wary of strangers. Child at this age starts to see self as separate from others. Physical Development: A baby starts to sit without support. By this age a baby may begin to crawl, stand and cruise while holding on to furniture. Baby learns o hold objects and transfer objects from one hand to other. It develops pincer grasps using thumb and index finger from about 6 months. At this age a baby drops things deliberately and looks for it. A baby enjoys water play. Intellectual Development: A baby recognises certain sound and objects. At this age, a baby shows interest to toys and picture books. He/she can enjoy various games especially water play. He/she observes people closely and tries to imitate their actions. He/she processes information through images. Communication and language development: A baby enjoys looking at picture. He/she also enjoys music. A baby responds with a smile and starts babbling and sometimes speaks to their mums. Emotional Development: By this age, a baby can differentiate between individuals and shows clear preferences and familiar adults. He/she can show clear likes and dislikes. AGE 1 2 YEARS: Social Development: A baby can respond to simple instructions. He/she wants to help adults and enjoy imitating their activities. It helps develop a sense of own identity. He/she plays alongside other children of own age for some time. He/she shows egocentric behaviour. Physical Development: A child becomes very mobile at this age. Between 12 to 15 months most children will start to walk and some can even go upstairs (with supervision). He/she can feed themselves. He/she has matured pincer grasps and can scribble with crayons. He/she can make a small tower by putting bricks/ blocks. He/she can wave good-bye, point or make noises to indicate their wants. Intellectual Development: A baby can recognise objects from pictures and books. He/she matches basic colours and start to match shapes. He/she can follow one step instructions. He/she show their preferences and start to make choices. He/she shows lots of curiosity and can concentrate for longer. He/she can do very simple puzzles. Communication and language development: By the age of 2, a child could be using 150-200 words. He/she can participate in songs and rhymes; enjoy listening to stories. He/she repeats words said by adults. He/she begins to ask questions like what and why. Emotional Development: A child is emotionally dependent on familiar adults. He/she likes to explore environment and is less frightened now when placed in new situations. The child reacts very strongly when he/she is not allowed to do a particular activity. Sometimes, He/she has mood swings and can be very clinging while some other time could be very independent. AGE 2 3 YEARS: Social Development: Childrens first friends are their parents and carer. He/she learns from them how to play and communicate with others. Babies and toddlers notice others and become fascinated by them. At around 2 years he/she is likely to play alongside with each other. By the age of 2years, most children have a feeling of identity and interestingly this coincides with their becoming more assertive. By the age of 3years, a child learns to play more of co-operative play. Physical Development: A child uses a potty and stays dry more reliably. He/she can come down stairs in upright position one stair at a time. He/she can climb well on play apparatus. He/she learns to paddle a tricycle. He/she can undress self but need some help to dress self. He/she has more control on holding crayons and paint brush. He/she can kick a ball and learns to jump. A child of this age can travel around, under, over, and through balancing and climbing equipment. Intellectual Development: A child can identify facial features and main body parts. He/she can follow two step instructions and can understand what is big and small. He/she starts to understand basic concepts of time and can match the colours and shapes. He/she becomes aware of what is right and wrong. He/she gathers information through language rather than image. He/she enjoys imaginative play and can concentrate long on creative activities. Communication and language development: He/she tries to communicate more with adult form of speech. A childs vocabulary increases to about 300 words and can deliver simple messages. Emotional Development: A child begins to understand the feelings of others. He/she is very curious about their environment but have no sense of danger. He/she could not understand about peoples pain at this age. AGE 3 5 YEARS: Social Development: A child starts socialising with people, learns to play with other children. He/she can show some friendship preferences but these are mainly based on play interests. He/she can use language more and more effectively with others. He/she can be confident in doing their own things as they develop their self help skills. He/she observes closely adults and tries to imitate them. He/she learns to share group possessions at play group or nursery but basically he/she is still egocentric. Physical Development: In this period a childs movements become more co-ordinated and smoother. A child by now starts to make various complex movements as the bones in the body starts to harden or have now formed. A child at this age remains clean and dry most of the time but could have some accidents. Child improves gross motor skills. He/she is more confident while jumping, riding a tricycle. Child at this age can throw a bowl but still unsure and inaccurate while catching the ball. By the age of 5years, a child is able to use variety of large equipments. A child improves his/her fine motor skills. A childs drawings are more detailed and representative. Intellectual Development: By the age of 3 years, a child imitates adults speech which can be understood by the strangers. A child becomes very inquisitive and asks lots of question. He/she knows parts of body. A child learns many things through play, tries to experiment with colours, shapes and texture. He/she can follow two or three step instructions. He/she has a better attention span at this age and hence, enjoys more complex activities. He/she learns to share and accepts ideas in group activities. He/she expresses strong opinions of likes and dislikes. Communication and language development: A childs vocabulary improves a lot. By this age, speech is fluent and the child is grammatically correct in using descriptive language. He/she can confidently form short sentences and uses language to communicate his/her own ideas. He/she enjoys constantly with people whom they know well. Emotional Development: A child is aware of the feelings and needs of others. He/she learns to comfort others who are upset, hurt or unwell. He/she can show occasional outburst when tired, stressed or frustrated. He/she can use language to express feelings and wishes and sometimes argues with other children. AGE 5 7 YEARS: Social Development: A child of this age likes to play mainly with child of same sex. A child is now aware of his/her own qualities. He/she tends to be fairly positive about him/her own skills. Physical Development: By this age, brain has developed further and is able to process information quickly. A child of this age is faster at dressing. As a result of improved co-ordination a child is more confident. By the age of 6 7 years, a child is able to sew simple stitches and ties or unties laces. All these prove that he/she has improved pincer grasp. Intellectual Development: A child of this age can differentiate between various shapes and sizes. He/she can match symbols, letters and numbers. By the age of 6 years, ability to write develops. He/she can read simple books, able to count up to 100. By this age, he/she understands the concept of conversation. Communication and language development: By this age, a child can communicate well with strangers. He/she is very fluent by now and can use correct and descriptive language. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can make up his/her own story. Emotional Development: A child becomes more independent and self-motivated. By this age, he/she is more sociable and friendly with others. He/she likes to play with same sex children and able to share. But, he /she need help in resolving issues. A child enjoys taking responsibility and helping others. AGE 7 12 YEARS: Social Development: At this age, a child starts enjoying company of other children and loves to be in a group. They are often same sex although some play activities will encourage boys and girls to play together. Now he/she is less dependent on close adults for support. Physical Development: A childs physical skill develops a lot and sometimes depends on his/her interests. He/she has more fine motor skills. Puberty starts for many girls from the age of 10 years and finishes by the age of 15 years and during this period their body undergoes various physical changes. For boys, this usually starts at around 13/14 years and finishes at around 16 years. A child develops hand eye co-ordination which leads to proficiency in climbing, running, balancing and skipping. Intellectual Development: 7 years onwards, most children are fluent speakers, readers and writers of their language. At this age, a child can read more complex texts and develops writing skills. At the age of 7 12 years, a child has great reasoning ability and can apply logic to solve problems. He/she has longer attention span so he/she enjoys various board games and computer games. His/her preferences for subject increase. He/she starts dealing with abstract ideas. Communication and language development: A child becomes highly verbal and enjoys making up and telling jokes. He/she has a wide range of vocabulary and can use more complex sentence structures. He/she can share ideas and feelings in more depth. He/she can share a very detailed account of past events and anticipate the future. He/she can listen to follow and execute more complex instructions. Emotional Development: A child is now aware of wider environment. He/she becomes very proud of his/her won achievements and sometimes can be very competitive. Usually, boys friendships are likely to be of group based while girls prefer closer but fewer friends. AGE 12 19 YEARS: Social Development: Young people want to spend more time with each other than with their family. Individual friendship is important for them and along with they enjoy being into a group. Sometimes, it can be seen young people can be strongly motivated by role models in media. They participate in teen games and enjoy group activities including clubs. Physical Development: By the age of 14/15 years, most girls have completed the process of puberty. Most girls have already started their menstrual cycle and become regular by the age of 16 years. For boys, the process of puberty has already started and for most finishes at around the age of 16 years. The body of a young people undergoes change in appearance because of many physical developments during this period. Intellectual Development: Young people are able to understand more complicated things in mathematical and scientific process. They extend their writing skills and can develop more creative skills and can understand other peoples point of view. They have a very high level of concentration. They develop logical thinking ability and may enjoy practising their new intellectual and verbal skills through debating either formally of informally. Communication and language development: Young people have extensive and varied vocabulary. They can use appropriate language styles, vocalises their ideas and feelings in greater depth. They can justify their own views and ideas. They enjoy more complex texts including fiction, poetry and factual books. Emotional Development: At this age, young people are very sensitive to their own feelings. Emotional maturity is constantly switching on between childish needs and adult desires. They are confident in their own skills and ideas. They have a good understanding of complex issues. Young people can find themselves caught between their desire to remain in a group but reluctant to adopt groups values and behaviour. 1.b Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important Difference between sequence of development and rate of development To find the difference between sequence of development and rate of development we need to understand the basic meaning of sequence and rate. The sequence of development is a process where an event is followed one after another and achieves a level of succession with a series of changes or growth that a process undertakes normally to improve on that process leading to a matured state. It is related to the previous events and normally improves on the process. For example: A baby goes through different phases before he starts walking. First he just kick legs with movements, learns to roll on and then he tries to sit that may take 6-7 months. After that he learns to crawl and stand and gradually learns walking holding parents hands and finally they reach the ultimate goal i.e, they can walk independently. Rate of Development is a quantity of something in  comparison  with a unit of another thing. It is related to the development that occurs at a definite age and at a definite time. Each and every child has a different rate of development although they ultimately follow more or less the same pattern of rate of development.  For example: Some babies start walking at the age of 9 months while others may start a little late. Some babies can start making sentences at the age of 1.5 years while others can speak only a few words. But by the age of 3years, most of the children can walk independently and can speak using small simple sentences. Importance of Differences Children develop at different rates. This helps to monitor and expect what children can and cant do at a particular phase in their lives. In the sequence of development one must finish with one of area of development before a move on to the next one. The rate of development is the rapidity with which a child develops. These can be the speed within each phase of development or cover all the set areas in the phase. These principles run through all the areas of development from physical, social, intellectual and language no matter what the age of the child. If at all one is skipped or slow it can be a cause for concern. It will also help to plan effectively to ensure they get the attention they need, in the areas in which they find challenging.   Physical  development  follows a definite sequence an example of this would be that a baby would have to first learn how to hold his/her own head up before they would be able to sit with just its lower back supported.   While the sequences are common amongst most children what often changes is the  rate  in which they develop the skills.  It is important to recognise the difference so you can identify where  children  need help or may be at risk of having a special recommendation or having a special need in or outside school. 1.c Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. Child development means the biological and psychological and emotional changes that take place within an individual since birth to the end of adolescence. It would be clear to us if we discuss the theories of development presented by Montessori, Piaget and Vyogotsky. Montessori: Montessori Method of education was developed in Italy in the early 1900 by Dr Maria Montessori. The core philosophy behind the method is that every child is unique in comparison to adults and also to other children and that their individuality must be respected throughout the educational process. Montessori was of the opinion that a childs mind is always eager to learn, explore and wants to try new things. Keeping these in mind the activities for Montessori education was designed. It involves the education of individual senses and individual muscle movements. Piaget: Jean Piagets view of how childrens minds work and develop has been enormously influential, particularly in educational theory. His particular insight was the role of maturation in childrens increasing capacity to understand their world. His theory is that a child cannot undertake certain tasks until they are psychologically mature enough to do so. He proposed that childrens thinking does not develop entirely smoothly. Instead, there are certain points at which it takes off and moves into completely new areas and capabilities. He proposed that childrens thinking doesnt develop entirely smoothly; instead He saw these transitions as taking place at about 18 months, 7 years and 11 or 12 years. This has been taken to mean that before these ages children are not capable (no matter how bright) of understanding things in certain ways, and has been used as the basis for scheduling the school curriculum. Vygotsky: Lev Vygotskys theory is intellectual development. His theory is that children learn new skills by being guided by cares and parents. An example of this is when a parent sings to their child and helps them clap their hands until the child can clap their hands themselves. He believes that every new scene or interaction is a learning experience to a child that he/she must be guided through until they know how to react correctly. We also give praise when children handle social interactions with good behaviour to prove that we are pleased and they have behaved appropriately. He expressed that Every function in the childs cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological). This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts. All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals. Cole Michael; Vygotsky, Mind in Society : the development of higher psychological processes. Vygotsky felt that development was a process and saw periods of crisis in child development during which there was a qualitative transformation in the childs mental functioning. Carton, Aarons; Vygotsky, Collected works of L S Vygotsky 5, Child Psycholgy. The EYFS (Early Year Foundation Stage) is a framework for all registered providers of services for children under 5, which became statutory in September 2008. It marks the first time that practitioners from all sectors of the early childhood workforce, from the head teachers of primary schools to registered childminders and after-school play-workers, have been required to observe the same guidelines relating to the education and care of young children. The framework provides statutory guidance, not only on the ways in which development and learning are to be supported within schools and settings, but on the ways in which relationships with families are to be established in support of these goals. EYFS ensures: Children learn through play Providers work closely through parents Parents are kept up to date on their childs progress The welfare learning and all round development of children with different backgrounds and levels of ability, including those with special educational needs and disabilities The National Curriculum is a set of subjects and standards used by  primary and secondary schools  to ensure that every child receives a broad and balanced education. It covers type of subjects that are taught and the standards each child should achieve in each subject. The National Curriculum had a positive impact in improving practices to teach reading, writing and maths. It also ensures lifting of the level of average achievement and updating practices to improve the efficacy. The use of the curriculum also enables schools to prevent racism, reduce discrimination and promote cultural diversity. 1.d Explain how different types of intervention can promote positive outcomes for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. Every child is unique and individual in nature. However, the growth and development of a child depends on a step by step progress that a child makes during a definite period. A developmental delay is defined when a child doesnt reach an expected developmental milestone. When a child has been detected by any kind of developmental delays, he or she can be promoted by different sorts of intervention to achieve the developmental goal. A child can be given support to develop his social, physical, intellectual, language and emotional development. Social development: We can always encourage a child with socially acceptable behaviour. We could appreciate a child when he is taking turns while playing with others. Children should be encouraged to join in a team game/sports. Sometimes a child takes time to do things independently. Being an adult, we must be patient with them. Sharing books, stories, puppets with children helps them to understand ideas of different situations and also how to deal with them. Physical development: Children need opportunities for both indoor and outdoor activities to develop their physical skills. A child enjoys exploring and experiment, so that they should be encouraged to be explored and helping them to play with or without their play apparatus. We can help a child to become independent. A child can be encouraged for doing his/her everyday routines like using a spoon, getting dressed, dealing with fastening the shoe laces. While dealing with a child in indoors or outdoors we keep in our mind about a childs safety by checking the equipment the child is playing with and supervising the child whether he is using the equipment in a proper way. Intellectual development: Cognitive and intellectual development plays important roles in a childs development. It is an adults responsibility to increase the childs curiosity by promoting the different sorts of books, games, posters, play equipments and toys. Children enjoy going for an outing. They learn a lot from the environment. We can encourage them by answering the questions. A little unsure or unconfident child can gain confidence from verbal prompts or encouragement. Too much complex activities sometimes put a child off due to the frustration of not being able to do the activities. So it is always helpful for the children to do with the activities which they enjoy. Sometimes, repetition of games/activities helps them to discover different aspects of the activities. Childs intellectual skills can be developed by playing memory games with them. We can increase their concentration by presenting activities, games and stories in an interesting way. A child can always be encouraged to use their senses to experiment with different materials. Language development: A child learns or develops his language by listening to an adult. When a child listens or whenever he is being talked he improves his language skills. A child can be talked about anything and everything. It is always advisable to use a simple sentence while talking to an infant. Sometimes, repetition is required to reinforce unknown or new vocabulary. Sharing books, stories and exchanging ideas also help to develop language skills. Emotional development: Praise and encouragement always help to build self-confidence and to focus a child into which he/she is good at. Sharing resources, helping others and contributing ideas increase an interest in the pupils efforts and achievements. 1.e Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risks of late recognition. Importance of early identification: Speech, language and communication play a vital role in all our lives. We begin our communication development skills from birth. Speech, language and communication allow us to be social. Some children may have some speech, language and communication delays and disorders which can affect their personal, social and academic life. Sometimes some children overcome their speech and language problem by the time they enter school and some will not be able to do so. Hence, it is important to identify those children who will find it difficult to overcome language or speech problem. An adult acts as a facilitator by providing appropriate activities and experiences to enable children to develop their speech ,language and communication skills in meaningful situation   A child can quickly fall behind if speech and language learning is delayed. Sometime, the problem can be very severe, when an individual cannot communicate at all without alternative or augmentative communication such as signs or communication aids. Early identification of speech, language and communication delay is extremely important as the chances to alleviate these problems and improving these skills are greater. Early identification helps children to conquer their communication difficulty, language and speech delays with the assistance. Potential risks: The potential risk for late recognition of speech, language and communication is childs learning and development will suffer, which may affect their behaviour when they are not understood. If these delays are not identified the delay will continue and the child may suffer from lack of confidence, less able to manage their thoughts and will more than likely experience emotional problems. Other aspects of development will also be affected, e.g. cognitive, social, emotional and behavioural.  They may struggle to keep up their views and ideas and will have trouble getting others to understand what they are trying to communicate. Many children with communication problems will go on to develop mental illness if untreated. Often underlying health and medical conditions go unnoticed and undiagnosed in children with communication problems. They would also struggle to understand what they are being told or asked them in a learning environment which may lead the child to a negative effect on their self esteem and confidence. A child will also find it difficult to form a relationship with other children and will then feel angry and could lead to behavioural problems and isolation. 1.f Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication. Play and activities are important throughout our life. These help a child to develop speech, language and communication skills.  Play and activity encourages children to communicate and thus to practice and develop their language and communication skills. They will need to communicate with their playmates and others, so that creates a situation where they can practice and develop their language skills. In the end, it is practice that allows for the development of language skills and activity is a good way to encourage that practice. Speech language and communication play a crucial role in childrens development. Language helps an individual to express thoughts, ideas feelings emotions and information. Children can communicate through actions and gestures as well as through language. Children through their play and structured activities can communicate through verbal and nonverbal interactions. Play and activity contributes and supports childs learning .It helps them to learn discipline. Play activities enable child to impose some structure or organisation on a task, make sense of their experiences. During play children combine many skills such as movement, thinking, attention, seeing, listening and, of course, communicating. It follows that children with a difficulty in one or more of these skills can be helped to progress through play. Children are always using toys in different ways than we would expect boxes can become cars to drive in to distant lands, the sand tray becomes a desert and absolutely anything can be used as a gun or a cricket bat apparently!! It would be helpful for the children if we do not try to limit the toys uses as children can learn so much during role-play working and playing with others, different language, turn taking, problem solving, and feelings for others, decision making, knowledge exchange between their friends or grownups. When a child is encouraged with different kinds of activities it helps them to express themselves, and feels confident enough using different materials, such as paint brush or a pencil and helps them to experiment with different playing equipments which may also help to bloom up their personality. For instance using of paint brush encourages the child to use fingers, thumbs, hands and feet to do paint printing and brings in them some innovative ideas. When a child is participating in a musical activity by singing, dancing, clapping and playing instruments he or she is developing a sense of music along with that they are coor

Portable Head CT Scan and its Effect on Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Ce

A portable Computed Tomography (CT) is used to manage and diagnose CNS diseases, and acute brain injuries, in the Neuroscience ICU (NICU), for example, Traumatic Brain Injuries(TBI), acute strokes, (transient ischemic attack) TIA’s, and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). CT studies are an important component in the assessment and management of patients with brain injuries. The portable device is designed specifically for head and neck scans for critically ill patients that are at risk for complications and increased morbidity during intrahospital transportation. Researchers have studied and found evidence that substantiates that intrahospital transport of patients with SAH or brain injuries can affect their outcomes. Many hospital protocols dictate the use of portable head CT (pHCT) scanners to monitor and assess critically ill patients in the NICU, to decrease negative effects of intrahospital transportation on patient outcomes. This is an important factor in reduction and pre vention secondary injuries in critically ill patients. The intention of this paper is to conduct a critical analysis of a related research article. The article reviewed is Portable Head CT Scan and its Effect on Intracranial Pressure (ICP), Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP), and Brain Oxygen. First, there will be an identification of the premise of the study through an article synopsis. Second, validity of the study will be described and discussed. Lastly, this paper will discuss how this research is applicable to Neuro ICU at UNM Hospital. Article Synopsis: The authors of this research article were from the Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Nursing, and Biostatistics & Epidemiology from the University of Pennsylvania... ... The research conducted by Peace et.al. raises a valid hypothesis that warrants further study in order to decrease the risks to patients on NICU and other units, in all hospitals. Studies with significant reliability data, high internal and external validity, are imperative in making changes in hospitals around the world to decrease secondary injury to patient populations and increasing their chances of full recovery from their injuries. Although, this particular study resulted in preliminary data, similar protocols found in this study are implemented by the UNM NICU. Works Cited Peace, K., Maloney-Wilensky, E., Frangos, S., Hujcs, M., Levine, J., Kofke, W.A., Yang, W., & Le Roux, P.D. (2011). Portable head CT scan and its effect on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and brain oxygen. Journal of Neurosurgery, 114(5), 1479-1484.

Light and Darkness in Antigone and the Gospel of John of the Holy Bible

Light and Darkness Found in Antigone and the Gospel of John As a child, my world was enraptured by the wonderful Fisher-Price toy known as the Lite-Brite. By inserting multicolored little pegs into their corresponding slots on a detailed guide, I could transform drab, dull, and dark pieces of paper into wondrous works of brilliant art. The light that filled and transformed the plastic pegs closely parallel concepts of light and darkness found within the Gospel of John and in Sophocles' drama Antigone. The Gospel of John focuses on the profound meaning of the life of Jesus, whom he saw as the manifestation of God's Word (logos). Teiresias, of Sophocles' play Antigone, is a blind prophet whose lack of vision does not prevent him from recognizing the truth. The words of John and the characterization of Sophocles, although similar in many aspects, differ in the extent to which their concepts of light and darkness affect humanity. Sophocles' light, in the form of Teiresias, allows truth to permeate throughout one's lifetime. John's light, as the manifesta tion ofthe logos, presents truth and enlightenment to humanity, but also ensures a glorified and joyous afterlife through Christ's salvation. Teiresias, the voice of fate and harbinger of truth in Sophocles' play Antigone, humbly enters the drama by addressing the malevolent Creon and stating that he "must walk by another's steps and see with another's eyes" (Antigone, 102). The wise prophet was metaphorically declaring that he delivered the message of a higher truth. This truth existed as Natural Law. Teiresias advised his m... ...light, only the Gospel of John carries the secret to eternal salvation. In a way similar to a child playing with a Lite- Brite, the Gospel of John and Sophocles' character Teiresias allow rainbows of light to exist in a world devoid of color. While both allow the existence of a form of the truth, it is only the Gospel of John that provides a detailed guide that will allow a person to find order in their truth. Through such truth and enlightenment, an abstract world of chaos and ignorance can be engulfed by a world full of order and wisdom. Realms of beauty and glory can manifest themselves to individuals who accept the truth and the essence of light as a message from a higher existence. Great joy and pleasure shall come to the child who can find beauty and order in a bleak world full of ignorance and emptiness. Light and Darkness in Antigone and the Gospel of John of the Holy Bible Light and Darkness Found in Antigone and the Gospel of John As a child, my world was enraptured by the wonderful Fisher-Price toy known as the Lite-Brite. By inserting multicolored little pegs into their corresponding slots on a detailed guide, I could transform drab, dull, and dark pieces of paper into wondrous works of brilliant art. The light that filled and transformed the plastic pegs closely parallel concepts of light and darkness found within the Gospel of John and in Sophocles' drama Antigone. The Gospel of John focuses on the profound meaning of the life of Jesus, whom he saw as the manifestation of God's Word (logos). Teiresias, of Sophocles' play Antigone, is a blind prophet whose lack of vision does not prevent him from recognizing the truth. The words of John and the characterization of Sophocles, although similar in many aspects, differ in the extent to which their concepts of light and darkness affect humanity. Sophocles' light, in the form of Teiresias, allows truth to permeate throughout one's lifetime. John's light, as the manifesta tion ofthe logos, presents truth and enlightenment to humanity, but also ensures a glorified and joyous afterlife through Christ's salvation. Teiresias, the voice of fate and harbinger of truth in Sophocles' play Antigone, humbly enters the drama by addressing the malevolent Creon and stating that he "must walk by another's steps and see with another's eyes" (Antigone, 102). The wise prophet was metaphorically declaring that he delivered the message of a higher truth. This truth existed as Natural Law. Teiresias advised his m... ...light, only the Gospel of John carries the secret to eternal salvation. In a way similar to a child playing with a Lite- Brite, the Gospel of John and Sophocles' character Teiresias allow rainbows of light to exist in a world devoid of color. While both allow the existence of a form of the truth, it is only the Gospel of John that provides a detailed guide that will allow a person to find order in their truth. Through such truth and enlightenment, an abstract world of chaos and ignorance can be engulfed by a world full of order and wisdom. Realms of beauty and glory can manifest themselves to individuals who accept the truth and the essence of light as a message from a higher existence. Great joy and pleasure shall come to the child who can find beauty and order in a bleak world full of ignorance and emptiness.

Air Traffic Controller

Air Traffic Controller Essay Air Traffic Controller is an occupation were you work with pilots and guide them safely from the time they push back to when they park at the gate. Being an Air Traffic Controller is a difficult job, they have a big responsibility which is to keep everyone safe in the skies. They are responsible for the safety, separation and sequencing of aircraft. I was told that in the tower that this is a job where you have to be alert to all of the surroundings, weather and pilots doing what they are supposed to be doing. This job is not like some people say it is.It’s not easy; this job takes a lot of training and a lot of patience with the pilots. In ATC you have three positions: the first is â€Å"Clearance Delivery† is when the pilot calls the tower to request his clearance to their destination. The pilot calls clearance and he’d say the type of aircraft they are flying, were his parked at and their destination. For example: â€Å"Vieques 89 2 requesting clearance to Boriquen† then the controller tells the pilot: â€Å"Vieques 892 you are cleared to Boriquen via the assigned route and gives them an assigned transponder code. The Boriquen airport is the name for Aguadilla airport or in the aviation language BQN is the three letter identifier. In Luis Munoz Marin international airport the larger companies like Delta, JetBlue, United and others have a service they pay for. It’s a third party company that gives them the clearance information in a short computer message that is sent to the aircraft when the pilot requests a clearance without ever having to talk to the clearance controller. After this happens the pilots contact ground control. Ground control is one of the most difficult positions in this type of work.Ground control is the controller the pilot calls to ask for their clearance for pushback and taxi. The pilot does this â€Å"Delta 422 requesting clearance to pushback and the gate number they are parked at†, and then the controller tells the pilot â€Å"Delta 422 cleared to push (the direction he is going) and to call when ready to taxi†. Once they are call that they are ready the ground controller will issue instructions on how to get to the runway. Ex â€Å"Taxi to runway 10 via Hotel 6 right turn on Hotel and hold short of runway 10†.Also the controller has the responsibility of sequencing aircraft correctly and all other movements in the FAA controlled areas. Also the controller is responsible for issuing taxi instructions to arriving aircraft as well. For example the pilot calls ground and says: â€Å"Delta 597on H9 Requesting taxi to the gate†, The Ground Controller responds â€Å"Delta 597 take N3 and right on to N to the assigned gate†. Ground control is not an easy job and is not an easy position to train on, this position when you train on it could get a little difficult and busy.But is a process that every controller has to go thr ough because an Air Traffic Controller has to work any of the assigned positions when they receive their certificate, and the next position is Local Tower. Local Tower is when and a pilot calls and request clearance for landing or for takeoff. When they are going to takeoff they call the tower and say: â€Å"Delta 422 holding short of runway 10 ready for takeoff† and then the controller working the tower position will tell the pilot if he is cleared to takeoff â€Å"Delta 422 you are cleared for takeoff† or the controller might say â€Å"Delta 422 line up and wait†.Then when the airplane is out and climbing the tower calls the aircraft and says: â€Å"Delta 422 contact departure†. Tower has the responsibility of every airplane coming in and going out of the airport. Tower has the responsibility of all of the airplanes in their airspace and it’s their responsibility of any aircraft flying around or inside the controlled airspace. This line of work i s not for everybody and the people that currently work them are sometimes stressed and tired.I like this profession because I enjoy working with pilots and the aviation community as a whole. My favorite position is Tower, because I can work with airplanes. I like this position because at times it can get a busy and you have to be on top of everything that is going on. In conclusion all of the positions are good as long as you can do something you love and truly have passion for. The only thing I have to say is I can’t wait to work in ATC.

Fast Food Industry Research Proposal Essay

To study the attitude towards consumption of healthy food within the fast food industry Background We are a marketing research team of a fast food chain store. With increasing awareness about healthy food among the masses and with consumer preferences changing towards healthy food, we intend to launch a health food segment to cater to this need of the customers. We are also concerned about the pricing of the product that whether it should be priced same as that of normal fast food or the customers would be willing to pay a premium for healthy food. But before launching that product we want to know that â€Å"Is it worth it to our fast food restaurant to market healthy food†. To answer this management decision problem, we intend to conduct a marketing research within the region of West Delhi. Introduction * What is fast food? Definition1. Fast food have been defined by Bender and Bender (1995) as a â€Å"general term used for a limited menu of foods that lend themselves to production-line techniques; suppliers tend to specialize in products such as hamburgers, pizzas, chicken, or sandwiches†. Definition2. In Data Monitor’s (2005) survey the fast food market is defined as the sale of food and drinks for immediate consumption either on the premises or in designated eating areas shared with other foodservice operators, or for consumption elsewhere. Definition3. As per â€Å"the free dictionary† fast food is â€Å"inexpensive food, such as hamburgers and fried chicken, prepared and served quickly†. Definition4.According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary fast food is â€Å"designed for ready availability, use, or consumption and with little consideration given to quality or significance * Why fast food? * Brief history of fast food industry in India * Fast food industry trend, facts and figures, key players in India * According to a study by the Tata Strategic Management Group, the size of the Indian health-and-wellness food market will rise from an estimated Rs101.5bn in 2010 to Rs550bn by 2015, implying annual growth of 35-37%. * Why healthy food? Health food is preferred by people mostly because of the various health issues associated with eating fast food: * Trans Fats which is commonly found in fast food have a negative effect on health * The fast food consumption increase calorie intake, promote weight gain, and elevates risk for diabetes. * Obesity is also linked to various other diseases * What is Healthy food? Definition1: As per â€Å"the free dictionary† healthy food is â€Å"Any natural or prepared food popularly believed to promote good health† Definition2: * Food with low content of edible oil used. * Lower fat, lower cholesterol and lower sodium. Major segments H&W products in India could be classified into three dominant categories, i.e. Better-for-You(BFY), Functional / Fortified, and Natural categories. Research Objective The main aim of our research is to derive indications that may contribute to better strategic and tactical marketing decisions. The overall objective of the study is â€Å"To study the attitude towards consumption of healthy food within the fast food industry† this has been divided into following sub-objectives: 1) To study the consumption pattern towards fast food and health/wellness food. * What all sort of fast food people prefer, at what time, at what places they go, * What is the driving force behind it, e.g. taste, spiciness, ease , price, time factor etc. * Most popular fast food 2) To study the factors that influence the consumers to go for healthy food * Sickness * Obesity * Awareness * Who 3) To study the consumer perception about healthy food vis a vis normal fast food w.r.t. two factors i.e. taste and price * What does consumer think about healthy food e.g. taste , price 4) To identify the possibility/impact of nutritional value of fast foods on consumer purchase decision. Research Questions and Hypothesis Question: Do customer think healthy food is as tasty as fast food? H1: customers perceive healthy food to be of same taste as normal fast food. Question: Do customer think healthy food is costs same as normal fast food? H2: Customers perceive healthy food costs same as normal fast food. Question: Is there any impact of nutritional value of fast foods on consumer purchase decision? H3: Nutritional value of fast foods has no impact on consumer purchase decision. Research Design Qualitative Research Purpose Because of the exploratory nature of some of the aspects of the objectives, we need to have detailed qualitative information. The qualitative research will probe the following: * the consumption frequencies, the categories of product consumed and the main reasons to use these products * At what time and at what places do they prefer to go, * What is the driving force behind their preference, e.g. taste, spiciness, ease, price, time factor etc. * Most popular fast food * Whether they would prefer to pay more for healthy food * What factors influence the customers to eat healthy food Population and sampling Samples for the study will consist of youth segment (indicated as consumer in this study) in the age group of 20 to 27 years. Convenience samples are drawn from West Delhi region among the college students. We propose to conduct 4 focus groups with the following profiles: Group 1&2: Dwarka Region Group 3&4: Janak Puri Quantitative Research We propose to conduct a study using questionnaire within the markets of Dwarka and Janakpuri region and also an online survey of the relevant respondents. Purpose This stage intends to quantify the factors that influence the respondents to eat healthy food. It will also give the percentage of each category of fast food which customers generally prefer to eat out and at what place &at what time. It will also help us to quantify that how many customers perceive healthy food as of same taste as normal fast food and of the same price. By establishing classified data we will know what type of people prefer healthy food and what price they are willing to pay. Also we will know that how many customers look at the nutritional value of the product before taking a purchase decision. Population and sampling Samples for the study will consist of youth segment (indicated as consumer in this study) in the age group of 20 to 27 years. Convenience samples are drawn from West Delhi region among the college students. Our definition of convenience samples includes only one dimension that is easy access to the sample units otherwise it was random selection of individuals from a large number of customers at the fast food outlets. We will be carrying out a survey of 200 Indian Customers The face to face interviews will be carried out in different days and in different outlets such as, open markets, traditional shops and supermarkets. A pilot test on 15 consumers will be conducted in order to ensure that the statements are clear and to identify redundant variables and questions that were difficult to understand. Procedure We will develop a questionnaire for this purpose. The questionnaire will probe the following: * the consumption frequencies, the categories of product consumed and the main reasons to use these products * The factors which influence the customers to eat healthy food * Which category of fast food people generally prefer and the main reason to use that product * Do customers perceive healthy food to be as tasty as normal fast food * Whether customers are willing to pay more for healthy food * Is there any impact of nutritional value on their purchase decision Analysis: Statistical analysis such as descriptive statistical analysis and frequency distribution. t-test factor analysis cluster analysis Timing Week | Activity| 1-3 weeks | Desk research| 4-6 weeks| Qualitative field work| 7 week| Questionnaire development| 8-9 week| Quantitative stage(n=200)| 10 week| Coding and data preparation| 11 week| Analysis | 12 week| Presentation and Report available | Costs Phase | Description | Costs | Qualitative research | four focus groups-travel cost | 1200| Quantitative research | 200 interviews-Stationary-travel cost| 5001200| Total | | 2900| Limitations This study has some limitations that however do not liquidate the purpose of the study. Data for the study will be collected from West Delhi region mainly Dwarka and Janakpuri. Sampling units are primarily of young unmarried consumers. Annexure 1: Definitions of Health & Wellness Categories †¢ Better-For-You: Food products with lower levels of ‘bad’ ingredients /nutrients for the consumers like sugar or fat are called BFY products. Various low-fat, low-sugar or diet products would fall under the BFY category. †¢ Fortified / Functional: Food products fortified with additional ingredients or produced / suitably modified to provide a distinct health benefit are termed as functional or fortified foods. Functional drinks, vitamin / mineral fortified milk or fruit juices and bakery products with added fiber would be classified as functional foods. †¢ Natural: Products sold under the Natural platform are specifically manufactured with no chemicals, additives or artificial substances / chemicals. 100% natural juices, ready meals without preservatives, etc. are few examples of such products. †¢ Organic: These are made from foods that are grown without use of chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides) during their cultivation. †¢ Naturally healthy: These foods are considered healthy in their natural form itself like milk, olive oil, fruit juices etc. References: 1) Naresh K. Malhotra, Marketing Research- An Applied Orientation, 3rd Edition 2) Anita Goyal and N.P. Singh, â€Å"Consumer perception about fast food in India: an exploratory study† 3) Andrea Freeman, â€Å"fast Food oppression through poor nutrition†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ California Law Review, Vol. 95,issue 6 4) â€Å"Healthy Ambition†, Economic Intelligence Unit, April 6th 2011,Vol XVIII No. 7 5) â€Å"The Health & Wellness Foods Industry in India: An Overview†, Tata Strategic Management Group(2009)