Growing Up on the Streets Essay Example For Students

The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12 Free Essays

string(28) have attempted to swim for it. â€Å"Tonight you experience what our reality wil resemble when our opposition is good and gone. Fol ow me!† Riley limited away; Raoul and his group were directly behind him. Kristie’s bunch began pushing and mauling directly through the center of them to get to the front. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12 or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now â€Å"Don’t make me change my mind!† Riley bel owed from the trees ahead. â€Å"You would al be able to go parched. I don’t care!† Kristie woofed a request and her gathering sul enly fel behind Raoul’s. Fred and I held up until the remainder of them was far out. At that point Fred did one of those little women first ranges with his arm. It didn’t feel like he was hesitant to have me at his back, only that he was being respectful. I began pursuing the military. The others were at that point a distant memory, however it was nothing to fol ow their smel . Fred and I ran in helpful quietness. I thought about what he was thinking. Possibly he was just parched. I was consuming, so he likely was, as well. We made up for lost time to the others after around five minutes, however stayed away. The military was moving in stunning calm. They were engaged, and more†¦ taught. I sort of wanted that Riley had begun the preparation sooner. It was simpler to associate with this gathering. We traversed a vacant two-path turnpike, another segment of woodland, and afterward we were on a sea shore. The water was smooth, and we’d gone practically due north, so this more likely than not been the waterway. We hadn’t went close to any homes, and I was certain that was intentionally. Parched and anxious, it wouldn’t take an excessive amount to break up this smal proportion of association into a shouting free-for-al . We’d never chased al together, and I was almost certain that it was anything but a smart thought now. I recollected Kevin and the Spider-Man kid battling about the lady in the vehicle that first night I’d conversed with Diego. Riley would be advised to have a mess of bodies for us or individuals were going to begin destroying each other to get the most blood. Riley delayed at the water’s edge. â€Å"Don’t hold back,† he let us know. â€Å"I need you wel took care of and solid †at your pinnacle. Now†¦ let’s go have some fun.† He dove easily into the surf. The others were snarling enthusiastically as they lowered, as well. Fred and I fol owed more intently than before on the grounds that we couldn’t fol ow their fragrance submerged. In any case, I could feel that Fred was reluctant †prepared to jolt if this was some different option from an al - you-can-eat buffet. It appeared he didn’t trust Riley anything else than I. We didn’t swim long, and afterward we saw the others kicking upward. Fred and I surfaced last, and Riley began talking when our heads were out of the water, as he’d been hanging tight for us. He more likely than not been more mindful of Fred than the others were. â€Å"There she is,† he stated, waving toward an enormous ship chugging south, most likely creation the last suburbanite run of the night down from Canada. â€Å"Give me a moment. At the point when the force goes out, she’s al yours.† There was an energized mumble. Somebody chuckled. Riley was getting a move on, and seconds after the fact we saw him fly up the side of the large pontoon. He set out directly toward the control tower on the boat. Hushing the radio was my wagered. He could state al he needed about these adversaries being our purpose behind alert, yet I made certain there was more to it than that. People weren’t expected to think about vampires. At any rate, not for long. Sufficiently long for us to kil them. Riley kicked a major reinforced glass window out of his way and vanished into the pinnacle. After five seconds, the lights went out. I understood Raoul was at that point gone. He more likely than not lowered so we wouldn’t hear him swimming after Riley. Every other person took off, and the water agitated as though a gigantic school of barracuda were assaulting. Fred and I swam at a moderately comfortable pace behind them. In a clever manner, it resembled we were some old wedded couple. We never talked, yet we stil got things done at the very same time. We got to the pontoon around three seconds after the fact, and right now the air was ful of screams and the warm aroma of blood. The smel caused me to acknowledge precisely how parched I was, yet that was the exact opposite thing I understood. My mind shut down totally. There was only red hot agony in my throat and the flavorful blood †blood wherever †promising to put that fire out. At the point when it was finished and there wasn’t a heart left thumping in general boat, I wasn’t sure what number of individuals I’d individual y kil ed. More than triple the number I’d ever had on a chasing trip previously, simple. I felt hot and flushed. I’d alcoholic long past where my thirst was all out y slaked, only for the flavor of the blood. The majority of t he blood on the ship was spotless and delectable †these travelers had not been leftovers. In spite of the fact that I hadn’t kept down, I was likely at the low finish of the kil check. Raoul was so encircled by disfigured bodies that they genuine y made a little hil . He sat on his heap of the dead and snickered noisily to himself. He wasn’t the just one giggling. The dim vessel was ful of hints of joy. I heard Kristie state, â€Å"That was astounding †three cheers for Riley!† Some of her group set up a boisterous tune of hurrahs like a lot of upbeat alcoholics. Jen and Kevin swung onto the view deck, dribbling wet. â€Å"Got ’em al, boss,† Jen cal ed to Riley. So a few people probably attempted to swim for it. You read The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 12 in class Exposition models I hadn’t took note. I searched for Fred. It took me some time to discover him. I last y understood that I couldn’t take a gander at the back corner by the candy machines, and I traveled that way. From the outset I felt like the shaking ship was making me nauseous, yet then I drew near enough that the inclination blurred and I could see Fred remaining by the window. He grinned at me rapidly, and afterward investigated my head. I fol owed his look and saw that he was watching Riley. I got the inclination that he’d been doing this for quite a while. â€Å"Okay, kids,† Riley said. â€Å"You’ve had a sample of the sweet life, however now we’ve got work to do!† They al thundered enthusiastical y. â€Å"I’ve got three last things to tel you †and a unique little something includes a little treat †so let’s sink this scow and get home!† With giggling blended in with the growls, the military went to work destroying the pontoon. Fred and I rescued the window and watched the demo from a short separation. It didn’t take long for the ship to fold in the center with a noisy moan of metal. The midriff went down first, with both the bow and the harsh curving up to highlight the sky. They sank each in turn, the harsh beating the bow by a couple of moments. The school of barracuda made a beeline for us. Fred and I began swimming for shore. We ran home with the others †however staying away. A few times Fred saw me like he had something he needed to state, yet each time he appeared to adjust his perspective. Back at the house, Riley let the celebratory state of mind wind down. Considerably following a couple of hours had passed, he stil had his hands ful attempting to get everybody genuine once more. For probably the first time it wasn’t a battle he was attempting to defuse, simply cheerful moods. In the even t that Riley’s guarantees were bogus, as I thought, he would have an issue when the snare was finished. Presently that al these vampires had genuine y eaten, they weren’t going to return to any proportion of limitation without any problem. For today, however, Riley was a saint. Last y †some time after I would have speculated that the sun was up outside †everybody was tranquil and focusing. From their faces, it appeared they were prepared to hear pretty much anything he needed to state. Riley stood most of the way up the steps, his face genuine. â€Å"Three things,† he started. â€Å"First, we need to be certain we get the correct coven. In the event that we incidental y stumble into another faction and butcher them, we’l show our cards. We need our adversaries careless and ill-equipped. There are two things that mark this coven, and they’re really difficult to miss. One, they appear to be unique †they have yel ow eyes.† There was a mumble of disarray. â€Å"Yel ow?† Raoul rehashed in an appalled tone. â€Å"There’s a great deal of the vampire world out there that you haven’t experienced at this point. I disclosed to you these vampires were old. Their eyes are more fragile than our own †yel owed with age. Another favorable position to our side.† He gestured to himself as though to state, one down. â€Å"But other old vampires exist, so there is another way that we’l know them for sure†¦ and this is the place the treat I referenced comes into play.† Riley grinned shrewdly and held up a beat. â€Å"This will be difficult to process,† he cautioned. â€Å"I don’t get it, however I’ve seen it for myself. These old vampires have gone so delicate that they genuine y keep †as an individual from their coven †a pet human.† His disclosure was met by clear quietness. Absolute mistrust. â€Å"I know †hard to swal ow. In any case, it’s valid. We’l know it’s certainly them on the grounds that a human young lady wil be with them.† â€Å"Like†¦ how?† Kristie inquired. â€Å"You mean they heft dinners around with them or something?† â€Å"No, it’s consistently a similar young lady, simply the one, and they don’t plan to kil her. I don’t know how they oversee it, or why. Perhaps they simply prefer to appear as something else. Perhaps they need to flaunt their poise. Mama

How to Setup and Manage Your Request For Proposals (RFPs)

How to Setup and Manage Your Request For Proposals (RFPs) A request for proposal or RFP is an effective tool for businesses to search for the best products/services at the most reasonable prices by finding the appropriate vendor or supplier. It is a method through which businesses send requests to a number of possible suppliers so that these suppliers can create and send their business proposals and one among these proposals can then be selected. © Shutterstock.com | chattanongzenIn this article, we shall learn more about 1) what is a RFP, 2) what purpose it serves and 3) how can you setup and manage your RFP. So what are we waiting for, let’s read on to find out.REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS (RFPs)A request for proposal or RFP is an invitation for all potential vendors and service providers to participate in the bidding process for certain product or service. Such requests are done by a company that is keen to purchase those products or services. The idea of this invitation is to collect several business proposals submitted by all potential vendors or a suppliers and to select one or some of them to complete the requested project. An RFP must be submitted by your business during the procurement stage or initial study phases of a project. It is in the form of a document in which your organization can state what it is looking for and also provide evaluation or assessment criteria for proposals.An RFP is an important document that c an influence the kinds of products or commodities your organization ultimately acquires since such documents have the capability to influence the response from supplier. Thus, you must pay enough attention while framing the request and make sure it has all the main points that are needed for the supplier’s knowledge and insight to prepare a appropriate proposal. The following are some of the functions that an RFP must try to fulfill:It must inform the recipients/suppliers that your business is keen to procure.It must encourage suppliers to showcase their best efforts by hinting that the selection process will be highly competitive.It must specify exactly which product/service/commodity your organization is looking to procure.It must enable wide response and distribution.It must make sure that suppliers give their response appropriately by giving instructions for a response.Similar requestsJust like a request for proposal, there are certain other similar requests that are drafted a nd sent by business organizations to their suppliers or other parties in order to get certain feedback from them. The following are the other 4 types of similar requests:Request for Quotation A request for quotation or RFQ is a kind of a request made when there is no need for a complete proposal and when price is the main aspect on the basis of which the supplier is selected. An RFQ can also be used before an RFP to get an idea of the price range.Request for Qualification RFQ or request for qualification is another type of a request that is distributed before starting the RFP procedure. This kind of a request is used to collect supplier information so as to establish a database of possible vendors and then shortlist the few suitable ones.Request for Information An RFI is a request for information about products and services that are available to meet the demands of the buyer. This helps buyers know strengths and capabilities of the various suppliers before a major procurement.Req uest for Tender An RFT is more commonly used by a government in order to request all possible suppliers to send their proposals for a big project.HOW TO SETUP AND MANAGE YOUR REQUEST FOR PROPOSALSA RFP, as stated above is a highly important document for your organization as it can help you win the best vendors and long term associations. This is why, it is important to pay a lot of attention to writing it and setting up the entire procedure. A well-written RFP should focus on your main objectives and your expectations from the vendor. It must be properly structured and well-formatted so that it looks professional. When you start setting up your RFP, you must have a clear goal in mind and base the entire drafting process with this goal in mind.Besides setting up an RFP, managing it is another thing that you must pay enough attention to. Right from the first step of assembling the team to the last phase of sending out the RFPs, each step must be given enough weightage and must be man aged well. The following are the main steps to set up and manage your RFPs:Step #1.     Include the right peopleThe first step that you must follow in order to set up an RFP is to form a team that will be responsible for the creation  of the RFP document as well as the management of the RFP process later. It is a good idea to start with a small team of people so that the variety of perspectives as well as the skills possessed by each individual can be focused and streamlined easily. The team members must be selected by you carefully by considering their knowledge, skills possessed, suitability to the project as well as their experience in the particular field. Each individual selected must be truly involved in the process and should be able to make a considerable contribution to the project. If the team selected turns out to be large, then groups within the team can be formed and duties can be delegated so as to ensure smooth functioning of the process.Step #2.     Research and diff erentiate between wants and needsAn RFP that you create must be clear, concise and self-explanatory. It must not confuse the recipients in any way and should create a distinction between your needs and your wants. To create this differentiation, you first need to understand and analyze what your needs are and how are they different from your wants. A need is an absolute necessity whereas a want is an additional choice. Your RFP team must clearly specify your necessities and expectations from the vendor or the products and services offered. The ‘wants’ can then be stated additionally by including words like ‘may’, ‘optional’, ‘additional’, etc.Perform some research while creating this differentiation so that you can be absolutely sure about the things that you definitely require and the things that you can still do without.Step #3.     Writing the RFPOf course, one of the most important parts of the overall RFP process is writing the RFP document. Whatever you write i n this document must be pre-planned and well organized. An RFP must be written only after you have defined your needs and are aware of your main requirements. In order to draft it effectively, you must first create an outline and include the main sections that you will need. The following are the main sections of an RFP which you need to include and pay attention to:Introduction Your RFP must have a solid introduction that gives an outline of the request and states its objectives. You must briefly explain why you are writing an RFP and what you hope to achieve from it. Provide a summary of the main points in not more than a few words and make sure that you include the due date clearly.Background information The suppliers who will be receiving your request must know who this request is coming from. This is why, it is important to write down information about your organization including its name, address, what it does, how long has it been in the industry and a brief history.Descrip tion of the project The RFP must also speak about your project and company. It should be able to give out information about the purpose of the project.Requirements This part is one of the main sections of the RFP and must consist of the detailed explanation of what are your main needs and requirements for vendors. Be very sure of what exactly you want and then translate it on the RFP professionally. All the bidders are able to make a suitable or appropriate bid only when they know what requirements they have to fulfill. Those requirements can be stated in a point-wise format and must be easy to understand.Expectations The RFP must also state clearly the kind of expectations your business has with vendors, products or services so that a vendor who is not able to meet these expectations may not send a proposal at all.Selection criteria It is important for you to explain clearly the criteria based on which the winning bid will be selected. The criteria for choosing one or more vend ors must be made absolutely clear and transparent so that the vendors can gear up and get ready for putting their best foot forward.Timelines Besides the deadline for submition of proposals, which you need to specify in your RFP document, you also need to create a timeline of processes and procedures that will take place from the starting of the project, till its end. Be practical and flexible as far as the deadlines are concerned so as to enable the vendors to work freely and be encouraged to respond to you.Step #4.     Identify who and how to send RFPsAnother thing that can help you with setting up and managing your RFP is to decide how and who to send it to. Most companies mail RFPs, but this is not the only method of distributing them across vendors. You can also send the RFPs through the mail or simply post them on your website and notify your vendors about it.Now, you need to identify and decide who to send the RFPs to. Most businesses tend to have already a list of vendors. In case you don’t have such list, you can find potential vendors and narrow down the list by going through the professional network. Try to limit the number of recipients for your request and narrow down the overall list so as to make the second half of the procedure easier for yourself.Sending RFPs to only known vendors of big companies in the industry may not be the best idea since even small or new vendors may meet your requirement or expectations. Moreover, small vendors are sometimes more keen on winning new contracts and may hence give a better overall performance.Step #5.     Consider a confidentiality clauseAll the suppliers and vendors who take out time to respond to your request and send in their proposals might have certain reservations about the confidentiality of the information they are sharing with you. If they do not find a confidentiality clause or its reference in the request, they may not even respond back, since to most, security of their data is of supreme imp ortance. So make it a point to introduce a clause of confidentiality which states that you agree to not reveal the information of the vendors in any situation or circumstance. This will help the vendors to trust you and divulge important or sensitive information. Of course, the request will not consist of the entire contract but should point out to the main clause.Step #6.     Check details of deliveryYou need to double check on the manner in which you wish to receive RFPs. There are many ways in which this can be done, and some of them include hard copy, fax submission, and email submission. Also, you must be clear about how many copies you wish to receive from the vendors. You must specify your preferred details of delivery in the request in order to avoid any confusion for the vendors and to make way for a smooth process. If you do not enter these details, each proposal received by you will be different and may not be suitable to your liking. Some of the other details that you ma y want to specify include last date for submission, the correct time zone, the signatures needed on the proposals and others.Step #7.   Collect evaluate VendorsAfter fully finalizing the RFP document and sending it across several vendors, you will start collect the proposals from them. When going through the proposals rate the vendors and define the winner by keeping in mind your key evaluation criteria.POSSIBLE PROBLEMS AND HOW TO HANDLE THEMAn RFP is a crucial document that can bring some order and structure to the procurement decision for your business. It allows you to compare different suppliers and then select the one that offers you the best products/services at the most suitable rates. But in spite of its benefits and good intent, an RFP can have some inherent problems that may need resolving in order to gain the maximum out of it. The following are some of the possible problems with hints to handling them:Poor odds An RFP is usually sent across to several companies (even hundreds of them) but the number of responses received may not always be huge. This means that there is a high chance that the supplier who was most suitable for you may not respond to your request, thus leading to overall poor odds. You may still find business from the remaining supplier who did respond, but it may not the best option for you. In order to improve your odds, you must try to build a relationship with the procurement manager of your company and hire someone experienced for this job. Improving the odds may depend a lot upon the skills and expertise of this employee.Predefined procedures Another major problem with an RFP that may act as a roadblock for you to find the best supplier is the strict deadlines and predefined procedures that it consists of. However important deadlines and a well-structured procedure maybe for you, it may not always allow the supplier to be flexible and work according to his suitability. When a supplier receives a request for proposal and see s stringent specifications, he may lose half the interest and may not even respond. Thus, you must make it a point to allow a practice timeline and make it an effort to consider the comfort of the vendors as well.Preexisting associations If your business has had a few pre-existing business relationships with certain vendors who performed well on previous occasions, then this may give them a biased edge over others and may hurt the RFP process. In order to avoid the unfair competition among vendors, make it a point not to favor a known supplier on flimsy grounds. Always have a fair procedure of selection of the vendor from the bunch of proposals received.

Greek-Physician Scientists - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1192 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Biology Essay Level High school Topics: Animal Testing Essay Did you like this example? Summary Since early Greek-physician scientists lived in 322 BC up until 2018, researchers have been testing our products on animals. It is easy as the consumer to volunteer animals as the testing subjects, very rarely do humans want to be the guinea pig. But as science progresses, and more animals are being tested on against their will, an important question must be observed: Do animals have rights similar to those of humans? It seems this question would have a simple answer, that testing on lab rats, or monkeys is clearly unethical considering that some animals die in the process. However, there are still people who argue that experimenting on animals is extremely beneficial. When these animals are placed in the lab for experimentation, they are in captivity where they can get sick, separated from their family, be tortured, and sometimes even face death. With these negative responses happening in the lab, it should be clear that the cons far outweigh the pros. Some of the products tested are never used for anything useful and most importantly, animals and humans are never exactly the same, so the test results can be unreliable. And still, supporters argue animal research is a necessary process that should continue. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Greek-Physician Scientists" essay for you Create order It is estimated that more than 100 million animals worldwide are used in experiments each year and by ignoring the consequences of animal experimentation, we are allowing abuse and trauma to these animals. There can be no changes made to help testing on animals be considered more humane or less tortuous; their involuntary participation should be enough to stop future testing. Regardless of claimed scientific breakthroughs, it it morally unethical for animals to be used as tools in laboratories in the name of medical advancements. Animal experimentation along with the money that goes towards the research funnels money away from human-based research (computer modelling, tissue cultures, etc.) that could actually be helping people. (Toronto Star, 2018, p. A12). An example that Toronto Star uses, is headlines saying humans have found the cure to cancer in animals, only to find out that when the studies are applied to humans, the results are not the same. According to Toronto Star (2018), animals are not, nor ever will be, appropriate models for humans. (p. A12). Animal experimentation is proving itself to be unhelpful to humans not only due to genetic differences, but by thousands of dollars going to waste every test. Humans continue to conduct research on innocent animals, even after researchers admit that these test subjects do in fact feel pain. Today, researchers almost universally agree that animals feel pain. (Global Issues in Context, 2018). This pain can also lead to stress in most animals which needs to be treated. Euthanasia (ending a life painlessly) is considered to researchers an ethical way of dealing with these animals in pain. If an animal test subject seems to suffer severe stress, they are put down. As humans we selfishly take these animals out of their own habitats, test on them while expecting these animals to not deal with stress and proceed to kill them when things go wrong in the lab. Scientist everywhere are claiming that the potential benefits to human health justify the harm caused to animals, (Goodman, J. R.,Casey A.Borch, Cherry, E., 2012), but there is nothing ethical about this testing process. Scientists should not be causing enough pain on mice or any other test subjects, that we have to kill these animals to put them out of their misery. Products that are tested on animals can include drugs and cosmetics, while some animals are exposed to pollution and radiation to observe effects. Pharmaceutical and other industrial laboratories routinely use animals for tests before selling their products for human use. A common animal researchers like to test on is monkeys, pictured below is a pig-tailed macaque in a test capsule. A pig-tailed macaque in a test capsule reaches for a lever that triggers a food dispenser in an experiment. For decades macaques have been widely used for biomedical research. (Credit: NASA). (Animal rights, 2011). Researchers take animals right from their homes in the wild and bring them to the lab to experiment on. Although scientists argue that monkeys are similar to humans because of their structure and behavior, animal studies are not always applicable to humans because animals and humans react to their environments in different ways. (Animal rights, 2011). Not to mention that the condition of the laboratories can influence test results when analyzing animals. Using animals to test on is not just something scientists do, you can even see the effects in our classrooms. Some schools require students to dissect frogs, cats, etc. but with technology taking over, there is no need to use real animals when we have excellent computer programs that provide simulations for classroom use. The alternative of using computer models can often be argued not sufficient enough because we cannot produce a specific piece of information without using live animals. However, Wiebers (2006), highlights that we need to be open to the possibility that that piece of information may not be needed to solve the clinical problem we are addressing. The use of innocent animals shouldnt be needed when most of the time we are focusing on the end result as opposed to specific types of information. Overall, around the world animal rights are being violated everyday. Though animals cannot communicate with us they still have basic rights and practices such as raising and killing animals simply for their fur, keeping animals in cruel living conditions on factory farms, or using animals for painful scientific research are clear violations of those rights. (Issues Controversies, 2012). Differences between animals and humans should not stop us from realizing that animals suffer just like we do, as humans we are taking advantage of our power over innocent creatures instead of having empathy. As stated in the Issues Controversies article, just as it would be morally inconceivable to argue that infants or people with developmental disabilities do not deserve basic rights, it is illogical, supporters maintain, to deny animals those same rights. (2012). Cosmetics, medications, chemicals and many other products continue to be tested on innocent animals before reaching our stores for consumers. Scientists everyday are volunteering lab rats, monkeys and other animals as test subjects for human products which violates basic animal rights because these creatures face stress, illnesses and even death. Although experimentation on these creatures can be interesting, they prove to be useless to humans because of our genetic differences as well as increasing use of computer simulations. To truly test the safety of products for humans, it is best to experiment on a human ourselves to get the most accurate results in the future. This will help decrease animal deaths, euthanasia in labs as well as increase leaving animals in their natural habitats without disrupting our ecosystems. Humans for years have destroyed environments where delatice species thrive, which has proven to have negative effects on the earth. Scientist and researchers now need to realize how unethical animal experimentation is, the destruction it causes and prepare to find new and improved ways to test products in the lab without taking innocent lives.

Ethical Codes And Guidelines Are Not Like Basic Recipes

Ethics is an ongoing process in counseling in which every counselor should have some sort of knowledge about. Standard ethical codes and guidelines are not like basic recipes. They are very broad and vague. Ethical codes are often use for what you need to do, but not always how you should do it. Ethics is a word that’s widely used and an integral piece to the helping profession. Ethics is important for all individuals who are working in the helping profession, including mental health, rehabilitation, and/or guidance. They are in a position to provide a framework to clients ethically and legally. Professional ethics has become very popular throughout the years. It has become imperative for counselors to create a professional environment with an aim to ensure behaviors that are acceptable and professional. By creating this environment, counselors should have a concrete and strong ethical foundation which will be paramount for becoming a notable counselor. Ethical codes contain core values and morals to help with professional behavior. This is by making solid ethical decisions when counseling clients in any type of therapeutic session. Counselors should always be mindful and highly ethical when working with clients. Your own individual ethical awareness and problem-solving techniques should all determine how well you can translate various ethics codes into your personal professional behavior. All counselors should become knowledgeable of the standards andShow MoreRelatedBusi 561 Legal Issues in Business7036 Words   |  29 Pagescompany that operates a number of cheesecake and wine restaurants. Originally founded in New York City, RAPIDS has since expanded to include international locations. RAPIDS was formed as a subchapter S corporation. The company abides by the highest ethical principles and ensures that all employees maintain these high standards. RAPIDS’s policies are all based on Christian principles. 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2.Annotated Outline Introduction Free Essays

string(29) " Manager Taxation Manager A\." 3. Objective The basic purpose of HRP is to decide what positions the organisation will have to fill and how to fill them. Objectives of human resource planning Forecast personnel requirements Cope with changes Use existing manpower productively Promote employees in a systematic way Human Resource Planning 4. We will write a custom essay sample on 2.Annotated Outline Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Importance Organisations use HRP to meet future challenges, cut costs, and achieve greater effectiveness Importance of human resource planning Create a talent pool Prepare people for future Cope with organisational changes Cut costs Help succession planning Human Resource Planning 5. The Process Of HRP The HRP is a four step process: demand forecasting, supply forecasting, estimating manpower gaps and formulating HR plans. The demand for human resources is influenced by several factors Forecasting the demand for human resources External challenges Economic developments Political, legal, social, technological changes Competition Organisational decisions Workforce factors Human Resource Planning 6. The Process Of HRP External Challenges: Liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation (LPG era) have created huge demand for people in software, finance marketing, and manufacturing fields. Organisational Decisions: Decisions such as expansion, diversification, and relocation leading to demand for people possessing requisite skills Workforce Factors: Such as retirement, resignation, and termination etc creating manpower gaps. Human Resource Planning 7. Forecasting Techniques HR forecasts are an attempt to find out an organisation’s future demand for employees Forecasting techniques Expert forecasts Trend analysis Workforce analysis Workload analysis Human Resource Planning 8. Forecasting techniques Expert Forecasts: These are based on the judgements of those who possess good knowledge of future human resource needs Trend Analysis: This is based on the assumption that the future is an extrapolation from the past. Human resource needs, as such, can be estimated by examining pas trends. An example of trend analysis 2001-02 Production of Units : 5,000 2002-03 No. of Workers : 100 Ratio : 100:5000 2003-04 Estimated Production : 8,000 No. of Workers required : 8000 ? 100 = 160 5000 If supervisors have a span of 20 workers, 8 supervisors are also needed in 2003-04. Human Resource Planning 9. Forecasting techniques Workforce Analysis: All relevant factors in planning manpower flows in a firm such as transfers, promotions, new recruitments, retirement, resignation, dismissal etc are taken into account while estimating HR needs Manpower flows in a bank Promotions out Transfers In ; ; Job Hopping ; Transfers Out ; Retirement ; VRS Scheme (Golden handshake) Recruits In ; ; Discharge or Dismissal ; Terminations ; Resignations Promotions In ; ; Retrenchment ; Attractions in Other Banks, etc. Human Resource Planning 10. Forecasting techniques Workload analysis: Based on the planned output, a firm tires to calculate the number of persons required for various jobs. An example of workload analysis Planned output for the year 10,000 pieces Standard hours per piece 3 hours Planned hours required 30,000 hours Productive hours per person per year 1,000 hours (estimated on annual basis) (allowing for absenteeism, turnover, idle time etc. ) No. of workers required 30 If span of control in the unit is 10 per officer, then 3 officers are also required. Human Resource Planning 11. Supply Forecasting A) Internal labour supply: a manpower inventory in terms of the size and quality of personnel available (their age, sex, education, training, experience, job performance, etc) is usually prepared by HR departments. Several techniques are used while ascertaining the internal supply of manpower (a supply of employees to fill projected vacancies can come from within the firm or from new hires ) Human Resource Planning 12. Estimated internal labour supply for a given firm Sources of Inflows The Firm Projected Outflows ? Promotions ? Transfers ? Quits Current Staffing ? Promotions Level ? Terminations Employees In Employees Out ? New Recruits ? Retirements ? Recalls ? Deaths ? Layoffs Current Projected Projected Firm’s internal staffing – outflows + inflows = supply for this level this year this year time next year Human Resource Planning 13. Supply Forecasting Staffing table: Shows the number of employees in each job, how they are utilised and the future employment needs for each type of job. Marcov analysis: Uses historical information from personnel movements of the internal labour supply to predict what will happen in the future Human Resource Planning 14. Marcov analysis for a hypothetical retail company 2003-2004 Store Asst. Store Section Dept. Sales Exit Managers Managers Heads Heds Executives Store Managers 80% 20% (n = 15) 12 3 Asst. Store 11% 83% 6% Managers 4 30 2 (n = 36) Section 15% 11% 66% 8% Heads (n = 94) 11 63 8 14 Departmental 10% 72% 2% 16% Heads (n = 288) 29 207 6 46 Sales Executives 6% 74% 20% (n = 1440) 86 1066 288 Forecasted Supply 16 41 92 301 1072 353 Figures in circles show the transition percentages Human Resource Planning 15. Supply Forecasting Skills inventory: It is a summary of the skills and abilities of non managerial employees used in forecasting supply. Human Resource Planning 16. Skills inventory: an example Name : A. K. Sen Date printed : 1-4-2004 Number : 429 Department : 41 Key words Work experience Word Description Activity From To Accounting Tax Supervision 1998 2000 T clerk ax ABC Company and analysis Book Keeping Ledger Supervision 2000 2002 Accountant XYZ Co. Auditing Computer Analysis 2002 2003 Chief Accounts TT Bank records Officer Education Special Qualifications M em be rsh ips Degree Major Year Course Date 1. AIMA MBA Finance 1998 DBF 1996 2. ISTD B. Com Accounts 1995 Risk Management 1999 3. ICA Computer Languages Position Location Hobbies Literacy preference choice ? Tally French Accounting Kolkata Chess ? Banking Auditing Delhi Football Software Bangalore Boating Employees Signature __________ HR Department________ Date _______________________ Date ________________ Human Resource Planning 17. Supply Forecasting Replacement chart: It is a visual representation of who will replace whom in the event of a job opening. Human Resource Planning 18. Replacement chart General Manager Key V. K. Garg Names given are replacement A/2 candidates P A to A. Promotable now General Manager B. Needing development L. Mathews C. Not suitable to position B/1 1. Superior performance 2. Above Average performance Assistant General Manager 3. Acceptable performance R. K. Arora A/2 4. Poor performance B. K. Nehru B/3 Division: Division: Division: Accounting Planning Manager Technical Advisor HR Manager Taxation Manager A. You read "2.Annotated Outline Introduction" in category "Papers" N. Gupta A/1 N. R. Murthy B/3 C. P Thakur . A/1 A. T Roy . C/2 K. P Rao . B/1 Northern Region Central Region Southern Region Manager Eastern Region Manager Manager A. Subramanyam B/2 Manager L. C. Srivatsav A/2 S. P Kumar A/1 . B. K. Menon B/1 R. Krishna B/3 A. Thapar C/4 R. Pandey B/3 Human Resource Planning 19. Supply Forecasting B) External Labour supply: External hires need to be contacted when suitable internal replacements are not available. A growing number of firms are now using computerised human resource information systems to track the qualifications of hundreds or thousands of employees. HRIS can provide managers with a listing of candidates with required qualifications after scanning the data base. Human Resource Planning 20. Important barometers of labour supply 1. Net migration into and out of the area 2. Education levels of workforce 3. Demographic changes in population 4. Technological developments and shifts 5. Population Mobility 6. Demand for specific skills 7. National, regional unemployment rates 8. Actions of competing employers 9. Government policies, regulations, pressures 10. Economic Forecasts for the next few years 11. The attractiveness of an area 12. The attractiveness of an industry in a particular place Human Resource Planning 21. Manpower Gap Analysis This is used to reconcile the forecasts of labour demand and supply. This process identifies potential skill shortages or surpluses of employees, skills and jobs Estimating manpower requirements Year 1 2 3 1. Number required at the beginning of the year 2. Changes to requirements forecast during the year DEMAND 3. Total requirements at the end of the year (1+2) ——- —— 4. Number available at the beginning of the year 5. Additions (transfers, promotions) SUPPLY 6. Separations (retirement, wastage, promotions out and other losses) 7. Total available at the end of year (4+5+6) ——————– 8. Deficit or surplus (3-7) RECONCILIA TION 9. Losses of those recruited during the year OF THE ABOVE 10. Additional numbers needed during the year (8+9) MANPOWER NEEDED Human Resource Planning 22. Formulating HR Plans Once supply and demand for labour is known adjustments can be made formulating requisite HR plans A variety of HR plans ? Recruitment plan ? Redeployment plan ? Redundancy plan ? Training plan ? Productivity plan ? Retention plan Human Resource Planning 23. Responsibility For Human Resource Planning HRP is a top management job. HR plans are usually made by the HR division in consultation with other corporate heads. Any deviations from the formulated plans and their causes must be looked into, from time to time in order to assess whether the plans require revision or modification. Human Resource Planning 24. Limitations Of Human Resource Planning HR professionals are basically confronted with three problems while preparing and administering HR plans: accuracy, inadequate top management support, lopsided focus on quantitative aspects. Human Resource Planning 25. Effective Human Resource Planning HR plans must fit in with overall objectives of a firm. They must get consistent support from top management. Computerised human resource information systems must be used for applicant tracking, succession planning, building skills inventories etc. The whole exercise must be carried out in coordination with operating managers. Human Resource Planning 26. 4-1 JOB ANALYSIS 27. INTRODUCTION Job analysis is the process of gathering information about a job. It is, to be more specific, a systematic investigation of the tasks, duties and responsibilities necessary to do a job. Job Analysis 28. Nature of job analysis Job Tasks Job Analysis Job Duties Job Responsibilities Job Analysis 29. -4 Partial job analysis questionnaire The information about a job is usually collected through a structured questionnaire: JOB ANALYSIS INFORMATION FORMAT Your Job Title_______________ Code__________Date_____________ Class Title_______________ Department_____________________ Your Name_________________ Facility___________________________ Superior’s Title______________ Prepared by_______________________ Superio r’s Name____________ Hours Worked______AM______to AM____ PM PM 1. What is the general purpose of your job? 2. What was your last job? If it was in another organisation, please name it. 3. To what job would you normally expect to be promoted? Cont†¦ Job Analysis 30. Partial job analysis questionnaire 4. If you regularly supervise others, list them by name and job title. 5. If you supervise others, please check those activities that are part of your supervisory duties: ? Hiring ? Coaching ? Promoting ? Orienting ? Counselling ? Compensating ? Training ? Budgeting ? Disciplining ? Scheduling ? Directing ? Terminating ? Developing ? Measuring Performances ? Other____________ 6. How would you describe the successful completion and results of your work? 7. Job Duties – Please briefly describe WHAT you do and, if possible, How you do it. Indicate those duties you consider to be most important and/or most difficult: Cont†¦ Job Analysis 31. Partial job analysis questionnaire (a) Daily Duties (b) Periodic Duties (Please indicate whether weekly, monthly, quarterly, etc. ) (c) Duties Performed at Irregular Intervals 8. Education – Please check the blank that indicates the educational requirements for the job, not your own educational background. No formal education required ? College degree ? Less than high school diploma ? Education beyond graduate ? High school diploma or equivalent degree and/or professional license. ? College certificate or equivalent List advanced degrees or specified professional license or certificate required. Please indicate the education you had when you were placed on this job. Job Analysis 32. Benefits of Job analysis Job analysis information is useful for a variety of organisation purposes ranging from human resource planning to career counselling Job Analysis 33. Important benefits of Job Analysis Multifaceted Nature of Job Analysis Recruitment Human Resource Planning Selection Job Evaluation Placement Job Design and Training Redesign Performance Counselling Appraisal Employee Safety Job Analysis 34. Who should conduct job analysis? ? Job incumbents themselves ? Supervisors ? External analysts Job Analysis 35. The process of Job analysis The major steps involved in job analysis are: ? Organisational analysis ? Selection of representative positions to be analysed ? Collection of job analysis data ? Preparation of job description ? Preparation of job specification Job Analysis 36. The Competency Approach to Job Analysis This approach encourages employees to develop role based competencies (knowledge, skills and abilities needed to play diverse roles ) that may be used in diverse work situations, instead of being boxed into a job. Job Analysis 37. Methods Of Collecting Job Analysis Data Seven general techniques are generally used to collect job analysis data; ? Job performance: the analyst actually performs the job in question and collects the needed information ? Personal observation: the analyst observes others doing the job and writes a summary ? Critical incidents: job incumbents describe several incidents relating to work, based on past experience; the analyst collects, analyses and classifies data. ? Interview: job incumbents and supervisors are interviewed to get the most essential information about a job Job Analysis 38. Methods Of Collecting Job Analysis Data ? Panel of experts: experienced people such as job incumbents and supervisors with good knowledge of the job asked to provide the information. ? Diary method: job incumbents asked to maintain diaries or logs of their daily job activities and record the time spent and nature of work carried out. Questionnaire method: job incumbents approached through a properly designed questionnaire and asked to provide details. ? The Position Analysis Questionnaire: it is a standardised form used to collect specific information about job tasks and worker traits. Job Analysis 39. Methods Of Collecting Job Analysis Data ? Management Position Description Questionnaire: it is a standa rdised form designed to analyse managerial jobs Management Position Description Factors 1. Product, marketing and financial strategy planning. 2. Coordination of other organisational units and personnel. . Internal business control. 4. Products and services responsibility. 5. Public and customer relations. 6. Advanced consulting. 7. Autonomy of actions. 8. Approval of financial commitments. 9. Staff service. 10. Supervision. 11. Complexity and stress. 12. Advanced financial responsibility. 13. Broad personnel responsibility. Job Analysis 40. Methods Of Collecting Job Analysis Data ? Functional job analysis: it is a systematic process of finding what is done on a job by examining and analysing the fundamental components of data, people and things. Job Analysis 41. Behavioural Factors Impacting Job Analysis The following behavioural factors must be taken care of while carrying out a job analysis: ? Exaggerate the facts ? Employee anxieties ? Resistance to change ? Overemphasis on current efforts ? Management straight jacket Job Analysis 42. Job Description And Job Specification The end products of job analysis are: Job description: this is a written statement of what the job holder does, how it is done, under what conditions it is done and why it is done. Job Analysis 43. Specimen of Job Description Title Compensation manager Code HR/2310 Department Human Resource Department Summary Responsible for the design and administration of employee compensation programmes. Duties ? Conduct job analysis. ? Prepare job descriptions for current and projected positions. ? Evaluate job descriptions and act as Chairman of Job Evaluation Committee. ? Insure that company’s compensation rates are in tune with the company’s philosophy. Cont†¦ Job Analysis 44. Specimen of Job Description ? Relate salary to the performance of each employee. Conduct periodic salary surveys. Develop and administer performance appraisal programme. ? Develop and oversee bonus and other employee benefit plans. ? Develop an integrated HR information system. Working conditions Normal. Eight hours per day. Five days a week. Report to Director, Human Resource Department. Job specification: it offers a profile of human characteristics (knowledge, skills and abilities) needed by a person doing a job. Job Analysis 45. Specimen of job specification Education ? MBA with specialisation in HRM/MA in social work/PG Diploma in HRM/MA in industrial psychology. ? A degree or diploma in Labour Laws is desirable. Experience ? At least 3 years’ experience in a similar position in a large manufacturing company. Skill, Knowledge, Abilities ? Knowledge of compensation practices in competing industries, of job analysis procedures, of compensation survey techniques, of performance appraisal systems. ? Skill in writing job descriptions, in conducting job analysis interviews, in making group presentations, in performing statistical computations ? Ability to conduct meetings, to plan and prioritise work. Work Orientation Factors ? The position may require upto 15 per cent travel. Age ? Preferably below 30 years. Job Analysis 46. Role Analysis To have a clear picture about what a person actually does on a job, the job analysis information must be supplemented with role analysis. Role analysis involves the following steps: ? Identifying the objectives of the department and the functions to be carried out therein ? Role incumbent asked to state his key performance areas and his understanding of the roles to be played by him ? Other role partners of the job such as boss, subordinate, peers are asked to state their expectations from the role incumbent ? The incumbent’s role is clarified and expressed in writing after integrating the diverse viewpoints expressed by various role partners. Job Analysis + dasaritapaswi, 3 months ago Embed . without related content for WordPress. com 1055 views more its use full to students of management Related Presentations An Analysis Of Fm Radio Advertising Rates In The Arab World TOC . Human Resource Planning – Concept And Need. Factors Affe†¦ 17487 views Hrp 2453 views Job Search Tips For New Grads For Slide Share . 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War On Drugs Essays - Drug Culture, Drug Control Law, Euphoriants

War On Drugs War On Drugs This is supposed to be a free country. I don't see that it would harm you or anybody else if someone smokes a few joints a week in moderation. What is the harm done to you? Is this enough to take fathers and mothers away from children? I know I'm not the sharpest knife in the draw but to say that drug users might abuse the stuff and cause problems for their family or neighbors is not very far from saying that because you have a knife in your kitchen draw that you might choose to use it to cause trouble for you family or neighbors. Please tell me, by what reason should marijuana be illegal and please speak from first hand experience if you can. Isn't twenty years of doing the same thing long enough? Isn't it time to step back, gather accurate information and objectively consider alternatives? Wasn't there an objective once? Distinguish between soft and hard drugs like Holland did and reduce actual drug crime by 75%, actual crime, not just prohibition violations. Treat addiction as a health problem, instead of a crime-just like alcohol is treated-and you reduce HIV infection and decrease the costs to society. I am a very opened minded person and have listened to a lot of opinions and read a lot of articles on this subject. It seems that anything we find that stimulates us or alters our state of mind in some way is a stamped as a drug. How can we take something like cocaine, which is so addictive some people have to go to a hospital to get off it and many people have died from overdoses, and put it in the same catagorize as marijuana, a part of a plant which nobody has ever overdosed from. From my perspective, the government has no reason to make marijuana illegal, except that it acts as a stitch. I will get to that in a minute. If it were legal, I really doubt we would have as much drug dealing and drug deal related deaths and crimes. It could be treated like alcohol, same rules, maybe more, but we could have an age limit and everything. (Its (marijuana) defiantly much safer than alcohol I don't know anybody in the right mind who could argue with that. Alcohol is one of the biggest killers in the world, who do you ever here on the news dying of marijuana use? Sure it may cause long cancer, but you can eat it too. Sure somebody might be too high to drive but make rules against it. Its too bad we couldn't replace alcohol with marijuana. I would much rather see people in my family as well as my parents smoke pot than drink alcohol. I could go on and on with this forever. You probably are getting the impression that I am a pot head but believe me I am not. This subject just irritates me how we can serve alcohol which makes people violent and go home and beat their wives in front of their kids but the government can't sell a part of a plant that makes people at ease. I feel I'm getting off subject so I'm gonna get back to my point. But, if it were legal, a lot of marijuana dealers who base most or all of their business on marijuana would turn to other drugs such as crack to base their business upon. That is what I mean by the stitch. Because we all know how crack changed the inner cities of America. Crack definitely increase the number of street gangs, deaths, and crimes of all kinds in this country and we all know crack is made from cocaine. So what I am saying, is that instead of trying to shoot at all drugs at once, only go after cocaine. Forget marijuana, make it legal, the government sure made a profit from cigarettes and alcohol. Make a profit from marijuana. Use the profits to fight the war on cocaine and heroin. Because you know when the cocaine supply is weakening, so is the crack. Most of the crack sold on our streets is made inside our country by

Your Comprehensive Guide to Negotiating Salary

Your Comprehensive Guide to Negotiating Salary No matter what your job, no matter what your industry, you have something in common with everyone else: you want to make more money as you move through your career. (Living the dream!) Similarly, the way to get there is pretty universal as well: learning how to negotiate your workplace value into cash money. Whether you’re already in a job and you’re seeking a raise, or you’ve just gotten a job offer and want to maximize your starting salary, there are tools to keep in your belt for negotiating your salary. 1. Negotiating Salary When You’ve Just Gotten a Job Offer  a.   When Should You Start Negotiating?  b.   What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?  c.   How Should You Approach the Negotiation?  d.   When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?  e.   What Mistakes Are Lurking?  2. Negotiating Salary If  You’re Looking for a Raise/Promotion  a.  When Should You Start Negotiating?  b.  What Tools Should You Have Rea dy to Go?  c.  How Should You Approach It?  d.  When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?  How to Negotiate If You’ve Just Gotten a Job OfferCongratulations! Score! You’ve outwitted, outlasted, and outplayed your competitors to get to the end. (Oh wait, that’s Survivor.) Now after you’ve had a glass of champagne (or the fizzy celebratory beverage of your choice), don’t get too complacent- you’ve still got one more stage: the salary negotiation.  Business.com has a great overview of the process:When Should You Start Negotiating?You should wait until you have your job offer in hand. Mention money too early, and you run the risk of giving information that could limit your salary ceiling (like what you were earning previously, or what you’d be willing to accept now). It could also be a turn-off for the hiring company†¦you don’t want to seem too mercenary before you even have the job. During the interview phase s, focus on your attributes and experience, and on getting hired.Once you’ve received an offer, then it’s time to start negotiating your salary.What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?  As you get ready for battle, here are three things to have at the top of your mind.1. A target salary rangeWhile you shouldn’t actually mention salary while you’re interviewing, you should definitely start thinking about the best-case scenario (job offer and salary negotiation stage) ahead of time. Part of that is doing your homework on what you’re worth, professionally.There are tons of resources online that can help you drill down into your specific industry and job, and find at least a range that feels comfortable based on your experience level. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has baseline government data on salaries and career outlooks for various industries. Sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, and GlassDoor.com can help you zoom in on your professional wo rth as well, aggregating data about real people’s salaries in various industries. You want your expectations to be realistic, so gather as much info as you can about the salaries attached to your new role (or similar jobs in the industry), for people at your experience level.2. Your selling points (which are now justification points)In addition to having a dollar range in mind, you should keep your resume and interview talking points handy as well. It may seem like those are old news after you aced your interview, but you should have a ready list of all of your accomplishments and experience to bolster any requests for a higher salary.3. Intangibles And don’t forget that while we call this â€Å"salary† negotiation, it’s about your entire compensation package at your new job. That includes yes, your baseline salary, but also vacation time, flexible work arrangements, paid leave, and other benefits. These may take a backseat to the official dollar amount, but they’re great to have as an additional bargaining chip- especially if the company proves unwilling or unable to meet your goal salary. You can try to get additional time off, or work-from-home arrangements to compensate for a slightly lower salary.4. Your dealbreaker amount Unfortunately, some negotiations won’t work out. As part of your salary range, you should also keep the lower limit in mind- the number where, if the salary falls below it and can’t budge upward, you can’t move forward with this new job.How Should You Approach the Negotiation?Some companies will include a salary offer with the official job offer. In this case, you would use that number as a starting point, or an â€Å"anchor.† If you get an offer without a dollar amount attached, you get to throw out a number as the anchor. Again (and I can’t emphasize this enough), be realistic. If you’re going for a mid-level management position and you walk in asking for a g iant signing bonus and a Ferrari, you might be laughed right out of your job offer.According to recruiter Nick Corcodilos, a goal to keep in mind for switching jobs is about a 20% increase in salary. That may or may not be realistic depending on your industry or your new company’s economic situation, but think of it as an ideal-world guideline.Either way, once the initial dollar amounts is out there, don’t accept the first offer from your new company. You won’t lose your job offer just for negotiating- it’s a commonplace part of the hiring process these days. Send a counteroffer, and go from there.To see how salary negotiations can play out, career author Ramit Sethi has a no-holds-barred approach in this video negotiation re-enactment:When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?As Kenny Rogers once told us, part of the game is knowing when to fold ‘em. Negotiation for a new job is a form of gambling- there’s no guarantee the company will m eet your salary request. If their initial and subsequent offers fall below what you are able to accept, then it’s okay to turn down the job offer and walk away. If you really need or want this job, and the salary offer falls substantially short, try to use that â€Å"intangibles† chip and try to bolster things like vacation time or job title as a way to offset the salary before you accept the offer.  Also, don’t let the process drag out indefinitely. The company is clearly interested in filling this role as soon as possible, and you want things to move along as well. Expect the process to advance over a short period of time†¦possibly a few days. Once you know things aren’t going to work, it’s better to put that out there and get the inevitable end out of the way.What Mistakes Are Lurking?Here are some of the top mistakes people make in negotiating a new job salary:Accepting the first offer. Just don’t do it! You don’t know how high you could have gone if you don’t even try.Aiming too high. Be realistic in your salary expectations.Being too aggressive. A respectful tone is key to the process- after all, these will likely be your colleagues soon. Confidence and information are great tools- swagger is not.Accepting without knowing salary. If, in your excitement, you accept the job offer without knowing what your salary is (and having a chance to respond or negotiate), you put yourself at a major disadvantage.How to Negotiate If You’re Looking for a Raise/PromotionIf you’re already comfortable in your job and are seeking a merit-based raise, the process is a little different. No one is going to come to you and say, â€Å"You know what? You’ve been awesome this year. Take this extra cash.† The initiative is all on you. It’s easy for both employers and employees to get complacent. Once they have you in place, what’s their incentive to keep throwing money at you? Many companies have an automatic yearly raise in place, often at the cost-of-living level. But even if you can already expect a bump in your salary this year, there’s no reason you can’t try to negotiate and maximize that. And if your company doesn’t have an automatic raise mechanism in place, all the more reason to make a case that you deserve more.RELATED:  How to Negotiate Your Salary in an InterviewWhen Should You Start Negotiating?Your annual review is a pretty common time to kick off this process. Your manager is already thinking about your performance for the year, and may have promotions on the brain. However, you don’t necessarily need to wait for an official window for talking about salary. If you’ve come to the conclusion that you would like to ask for more money, all you really need to do is schedule time with your boss to sit down and discuss. Make sure you have set a time when both of you can concentrate- don’t do it on the f ly (like as you’re both getting coffee in the morning).What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?Even though you’ve likely been at your job for a while, don’t rely on your boss’s institutional memory of what you’ve done. Be prepared to come up with your â€Å"I deserve a raise today† package from scratch. This is especially true if your current boss isn’t the one who hired you. Don’t make him or her dig through your HR file to get your resume from six years ago. Here’s what you should be prepared to bring to your meeting:Updated resume. An up-to-date resume isn’t a betrayal of your employer, or a sign you’re looking to jump ship. It’s a smart tool to have: a current record of what you’ve accomplished in the time since you’ve been hired.A target salary range. Similar to a new hire, you should know what you’re worth, professionally. Use sites like the S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Pa yscale.com, Salary.com, and GlassDoor.com to figure out where you should be aiming. This can be good for two reasons: a) If you’re making less than other people in similar roles, that’s a great talking point to have; and b) it prevents you from asking for the Moon when you should be asking for, say, a modest moon rock.Non-salary considerations. Would your life be easier if you could work from home one day a week? Can you get three extra vacation days? These are things to consider, especially if your company isn’t able or willing to meet your â€Å"suggested† new salary.A plan B. If your company can’t or won’t compensate you to a level you deserve based on your achievements and experience, then what’s your next move? Do you sigh, keep the status quo, and try again next year? Or do you decide that this is no longer a company you want to work for? Before you talk with your boss, have a sense of what you will do, pending different outcome s.How Should You Approach It?Long before you approach your boss about a raise, make sure you’re performing at the top of your game. Take on extra responsibilities, and make sure everything’s documented. Seek out leadership opportunities within your company. And always, always have specific examples in mind. You’ll need to justify the extra money, so having concrete talking points as to how you’ve gone above and beyond will make it easier for your boss to either approve, or pass it along to the next level for consideration.25% of people that asked for a raise got more money than they were expectingThe politics can be tricky with an in-house request for a raise. After all, you’re not facing a faceless HR person or someone you met once for an interview. You’re approaching someone you’ve worked with, possibly for a long time. According to research by Undercover Recruiter, people are anxious in general about asking for a raise- as many as 39% of people are hesitant to dive into the process, with a scant 26% of women and 40% of men feeling confident enough to go for it: Once you’ve gathered your data points and gathered the courage to approach your manager about a raise, make sure you keep a balanced, professional tone throughout. Even if you and your boss are best buds, remember that this is a relationship-neutral zone: he or she can’t reward you just for being a hilarious friend, or a co-conspirator in office shenanigans. Remember that you’re negotiating something as a professional, so act like the consummate professional who deserves more compensation.When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?Unlike a new job offer salary negotiation, you don’t have the same luxury of walking away from the process. If your boss says no, you still have to show up at work the next day. This is where your Plan B comes in handy. If you’d already decided that you’re going to move on if the c ompany doesn’t give you a raise, don’t quit in a snit. Calmly end the conversation with your boss, and quietly make plans to look for your next job opportunity. Remember, it’s easier to look for a job while you have a job, so don’t give up in anger and endanger your security in the meantime.So what do you think? Are you ready to approach your next salary discussion like the keen-eyed shark you can be?RELATED:  11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want

Writing Spaces Where to Write Why it Actually Matters

Writing Spaces Where to Write Why it Actually Matters Writing Spaces: Where to Write Why it Actually Matters You know that writers writebut did you know your writing spaces matters significantly?You’re a writer when you put your pen on your paper and create words that combine together to form a sentence. You’re a writer when you stroke the keyboard and type out an email. You’re a writer when you comment on a Facebook post.The fact is, you’re a writer whenever and wherever you add anything in writing in a physical or virtual location- but especially if youre writing a book.But where should you write? What makes a great writing space? And how do you create one?Heres what well cover about your writing space:Writing spaces at homeWriting spaces outside of the houseWhere to writeUtilize at-home writing spaces alwaysBlock out noise with headphonesSet a timer in your writing spaceWrite in the same placeWriting space tips from famous authorsRead on, my friend.You’re going to learn about my favorite writing spaces and tools for where to write and creating a writing space.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWriting Spaces at HomeCreating a writing space at home is not difficult and can generally be done without spending a lot of money. I am lucky enough to have my own writing office, but even without that, you can still create a space that is just for you and your writing.Here are a few tips to start building your writing space:Clear off the corner of your table. (It might mean that you throw away the mountain of mail you’ve been meaning to open or you finally put your laundry away, but a corner of a table will do just fine for this).Find a paper and pencil, pen and notepad, or a computer.Put your tools in that space and you’ve built a writing space.Tell your kids, your significant other, or your cat (although best of luck on training the feline) that this is your space and it is protected in a ma gical bubble where only you are allowed!Now, you have a writing space where you can do what writers do, write.If you have a small budget (less than $100) to set up a writing space, you can scour buy, sell, trade groups for small writing desks. My husband found this gem of a writing desk for $75 on a local Facebook swap site.I use it to journal during my morning routine (don’t forget to check out Chandler’s morning routine video) and outline things with good old-fashioned pen and paper.Once my brain dumping to my journal is finished, I often transition to a more standardized office desk where I have my computer set up.So if your budget is a little higher, between $300 $500, you can buy an office desk from a used furniture store and get a nice desk, with delivery and set-up.This helps you feel like you’re in more of a work mode and will be able to get things donePerhaps you have a grand budget to use. You can go to a higher-end furniture store and buy a cherry o r an oak desk for $1000-$2000. But, it is absolutely not necessary.So, if you have have as little as $0 or as much as $2000+ dollars to spend, you can set up a writing space at home for you to meet your daily writing goals.Where to Write Outside of Your HomeAnywhere!Really, anywhere? Sure, you can go anywhere to write. I have some places that I recommend and some places that I would stay away from, but you can write anywhere.Most writers have a favorite coffee shop. I have three. I love writing at a chain coffee shop when I need a little more background noise. It helps me zone into my rough draft writing and I work well when I am surrounded by others, coffee in hand, and can dedicate my time to writing. There’s also an independent coffee shop that I enjoy going to.During NaNoWriMo we had some of our write-ins there. I love that it was designed so that at any table there is a spot where we can plug in our devices and type away.I find this particularly useful when I am needing some motivation from being around other creatives, as there’s also a wall of art that changes frequently. Finally, I really like a pay-it-forward cafe that has a community table where I can go when I need to concentrate on editing. Sometimes the different niches help me out the most so that I can focus on doing what writers do write!Here are some ideas for writing spaces outside our home:The libraryA museumA parkA dinerYour backyardYour front or back porchIt will depend on what you’re writing though as to which works the best.Anywhere that you can go with your notebook, computer, or your phone is a location that you can write.So, there you have it! You can write anywhere that you can take a writing device.These are my overall recommended writing spaces:An area of your home, dedicated to writingA local coffee shopA libraryA MuseumA parkA shared officeThe beachA friends houseA dinerAnywhere that you can take a writing deviceWhich Online Writing Spaces to UseOn a noteboo k, a computer, a phone. Anywhere that you can record words and be a writer. Because that’s what a good writer does, you write.There are many different writing softwares to use for your virtual writing space.Personally, I prefer to outline, mindmap, prewrite with a good old-fashioned pen and paper. But I know many writers who prefer to do their prewriting in a Google Doc, on Scrivener, Microsoft Office 365 or in a similar space online. Be sure that no matter where you decide to write that you are free from distractions and that you write. Once you have your prewriting done, then you can move into creating a first draft.Google DocsThis is when I generally switch over from pencil and paper to an electronic format. I open up my Google Doc and I make an electronic version of my outline. This is important, because then I can quickly move from place to place in my document. After I outline on my Google Doc, I move into writing out sentences. At this point, I don’t necessarily worry about whether or not I am writing cohesive sentences, I just get words on the paper, because I am doing what writers do- they write.As Ray Bradbury says, â€Å"Quantity makes up for quality.†Microsoft WordIf you’re not a Google Docs person, there are other tools out there that you can use to capture your words electronically.The most well-known is Microsoft Word.This is great if you always have access to it, which is possible with Office 365, but for me, Google Docs works better.ScrivenerScrivener is another tool that you can use to capture all your ideas, outlines, and planning in one place. The best thing about this is that it’s web-based, so you access it anywhere that you have access to the internet. Most writers that use this tool absolutely love it- so let us know if you have it and you love it.Finally, if you’re driving and have ideas come to you, you can capture them with a speech-to-text app and then transfer them to a word processing docu ment later.This is particularly useful, as I often have ideas come to me when I am traveling. Do not let the excuse of â€Å"I don’t have a writing space† hold you back from writing, because with very few tools (most are free or minimal cost), you have a writing space or a location to write.Writing Spaces Tips for BeginnersSetting up a writing space is not always easy, but you know you want to write and you need to have a space to do what writers do: write! So here are some tips to help you.#1 Use your at-home writing space for writingYou wouldn’t take a bath in the kitchen sink, right?Right! Don’t use your writing space for other activities only use it for writing.â€Å"But I only have one computer where else do I go to get on Facebook, watch YouTube, or pay my bills?†I am guessing that if you’re like my family, you have a mobile computer a laptop, a surface, an iPAD, or something similar. For the purpose of writing at-home, make sure t hat the device goes to the designated spot you have set up for that.Then move when you’re not writing.When we move to specific places to accomplish a task, our brains engage in those tasks and we are able to focus on doing what writers do write.#2 Block out noise with headphonesYou will be distracted. If you’re writing at home and have children, your kids will distract you. If you’re writing at a coffee shop, there will be other customers (hey, you want coffee shops to have customers that’s what keeps them in business and gives you a space to write).Invest in some headphones. Our brains can process doing other things with music or white background noise. Create some by tuning into your favorite playlist.I personally find meditation music especially helpful for this.#3 Set a timerEquip your writing space with a timer. I, personally, usually have enough self-discipline to use my phone as a timer, but I love my Google Home Mini for this too.Simply say, â€Å"Hey Google Set timer for 25 minutes.† Twenty-five minutes is my magic number to get a lot of words written in a relatively short amount of time.#4 Write in the same place, at the same timeWhether you write as a part of your morning writing routine, when you get home from work, or some other time of day, write in the same place at the same time.That’s why it’s important for you to have some kind of writing space even if it’s only the corner of the table.#5 Write when inspiration hits tooKeep a dedicated writing space, but don’t forget about diving into the spontaneity of writing also.That’s why I keep my Google Doc app on my phone. I can make brief notes and then splice them together into coherent sentences later.Writing Space Tips from Famous AuthorsThe advice from almost any best-selling author is to always be ready to write anywhere. You never know where inspiration will hit, so always have something to record your thoughts. J.K . Rowling also says, â€Å"I can write anywhere.† Jodi Picoult says â€Å"I can write anywhere.† E.B. White, author of Charlotte’s Web, â€Å"A writer who waits for ideal conditions under which to work will die without putting a word on paper.†So don’t wait until you have the perfect space prepared to start writing. Just start writing, because that’s what writers do write.Writing Space Tips to Get You StartedFind a device a laptop, a computer, a phone, a notepad, a notebook, a journal to record your thoughts. Then do what writers do write.Do not wait until you can make your writing area perfect or until inspiration hits to write. Write right now. Because that’s what writers do, they write.That’s right! All you need for a writing space is a dedicated space to write and the desire to put one word in front of another and you’ve created your writing space, so write on, my friend.For additional tips on setting up a home o ffice or working from home, be sure to check out How to Successfully Work from Home (Habits, Handling Distractions, And The Ultimate Office Setup video created by Chandler Bolt.Are You Ready to Get Started Today?Publishing your book is SO CLOSE.If your ready to get started, check out this free training to help you write, market, and publish your book within 90 days!

Socrates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Socrates - Essay Example As Cornelia de Vogel said, â€Å"The ‘real’ Socrates we have not: what we have is a set of interpretations each of which represents a ‘theoretically possible’ Socrates.† (de Vogel 1955). According to what is reported by Plato, Socrates was born to Sophroniscus, who is purported to be a stonemason and Phaenarete, who turned towards the profession of a midwife later on in her life. After the death of Sophroniscus, when Socrates was around 18 years old, Socrates’ mother remarried Chaeredemus who was the father of Patrocles, Socrates’ half-brother. Socrates was born at a time when literacy had become widespread among the males, with elementary schools teaching boys not only to read and write, but also gymnastics and music. So it is assumed that he also received formal education. Socrates was sent for the compulsory two years military training, after which he was on active duty in the army, fighting many a war and battles, as during this time too Athens was moving towards war with Sparta. Socrates fought in Potidaea, Spartolus, Delium, and finally, at Amphipolis, whereby he proved himself to be a brave and heroic soldier. It was during the last battle that he had the dialogue about the etymologies of words. After this battle, the treaty of Nicias between Athens and Sparta took place, which allowed Attica to flourish without any invasions. Socrates married around this time, when he also carried on with his dialogue about erotic love, democracy and mystery religion, a dialogue that would result in the participants being accused of sacrilege much later. Socrates wed Xanthippe, who is purported to be much younger than him and with whom he had three sons, their first born Lamprocles, named after Xanthippe’s father thus implying that Xanthippe’s father if not her family were more illustrious than Socrates’, Sophroniscus, named after Socrates’ father, and their youngest son was Menexenus. What Socrates

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS - Essay Example A key challenge to be faced by the governments all over the world is that of the reduction in the use of personal vehicles and consumption of fossil fuel. With more focus on conserving the energy and find out new and sustainable energy resources, consumers world over are pressing governments to actually come forward with more stringent restrictions on the use of vehicles and energy resources which are damaging the environment. (Hill, and Jones.2010) Considering the fact that consumers are becoming relatively savvier, it is clear that new social trends will continue to emerge which can reshape the way industry operates. The focus towards the environment protection and fuel efficiency are some of the clear social trends which will emerge to create challenges for the industry. (Hill, and Jones, 2010). Probably the strongest challenge to the industry will come from the technological and environmental challenges in the next decades to come as fast changing technology often drives out firms who are slow to adapt to these challenges. There is a clear shift towards building cars which use clean and renewable energy while at the same time are efficient and cost effective also. One of the key weaknesses in the electronic or hybrid cars is that of the high cost and low fuel efficiency. Future trends therefore may clearly indicate of scenarios where EVs or Hybrid Cars have to be built upon technology which can ensure mobility, cost effectiveness as well as fuel efficiency. Considering the above PESTLE factors, it is quite evident that there can be two extreme scenarios i.e. rapid technological changes and the mass adaptation of EV cars. If the technology rapidly changes and Better Places is not able to keep pace with the technological changes through its effective R&D, it is clear that the company may go out of the business. Since this industry is dominated by the technology and almost all progress in the industry has

Jamaican Artists and Producers :: Essays Papers

Jamaican Artists and Producers Music has been a dominant source of change in our society, throughout the world, and spanning the generations. It is a source of change, expression, culture, symbolism, and in Jamaican music, particularly reggae, it can even be a silent, peaceful revolution. There are various ideas of what reggae is, or what it does, which will be a main concentration. The music of Jamaica is a changing structure as well, from mento to ska to rocksteady to reggae to dub. Dozens of people are responsible for the spread of the popular music of the Caribbean island known as Jamaica. There are the big producers, such as Dodd, Reid, Buster, and there are others like Perry, Blackwell, Higgs, and Gibbs. Without them the music of Jamaica would have been contained there, and never would the world have learned in quite the same personal way about the vast unhappiness and oppression of the majority of Jamaican society. Artists like Jimmy Cliff, Toots, U Roy, Winston Rodney, and especially Bob Marley have create d a significant part of the culture of Jamaica through their lyrics of angst and frustration at their political and economical situation. Because music is also an industry of ever-changing circumstance, the lineage has proven to be much harder to trace and follow than previously expected. A fitting statement was made by a reggae musician concerning the mystery of the island and it's music:"Jamaica: fragment of bomb-blast, catastrophe of geological history (volcano, middle passage, slavery, plantation, colony, neo-colony) has somehow miraculously-some say triumphantly-survived. How we did this is still a mystery and perhaps it should remain so. But at least we can say this: that the secret and expression of that survival lies glittering and vibrating in our music."(Edward Kamau Brathwaite, reggae artist) The music of Jamaica began five centuries ago, when Columbus colonized the land of the Arawak Indians. This dates the start of oppression in this small island in the Caribbean. After the Spanish came the English, both extremely ethnocentric groups when dealing with"inferiors", or"minorities". Blacks were brought in as slaves, and although Jamaica has had it's independence since 1963, the tension of authority and control still reigns menacingly. Jamaica is a story of injustice, international influence, ineffective governing, and unequal distribution of wealth; all of these elements provide a solid base for the theme of oppression and the need for a revolution and redemption in

Enduring Vision Chapter 30 Notes

Identifications: * Yuppies/VCRs/Three Mile Island * Yuppies: young, urban professionals who wore ostentatious gear such Rolex watches or BMW cars. they came to symbolize the increased pursuit of wealth and materialism of Americans in the 1980s, represented decade of greed, stopped being radical, worried about weight. * VCRs: video cassette recorders became popular in the late 70's that allowed viewers to tape and view later their favorite programs and to rent movies on cassette.As entertainment became privatized, families stayed home with the VCR instead of going to the movies * Three Mile Island: 1979 an accident at the nuclear plant at this location that caused a radiation leak and forced the evacuation of 140,000 people near the site. the story made headlines around the world and seemed to confirm people's fears about nuclear power. * Roe v. Wade/Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)/AIDS/Moral Majority/televangelists * Roe v. Wade: the 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. he decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester * Equal Rights Amendment (ERA): a constitutional amendment originally introduced in congress in 1923 and passed by congress in 1972, stating that â€Å"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex. despite public support, the amendment failed to acquire the necessary support from three-fourths of the state legislatures. DID NOT RATIFY * AIDS: AIDS epidemic in the 1970s made many Americans more cautious in their sexual behavior. * Moral Majority: political organization of the United States which had an agenda of evangelical Christian-oriented political lobbying. Formed by Jerry Falwell. organization made up of conservative C hristian political action committees which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law. his group pressured for legislation that would ban abortion and ban the states' acceptance of homosexuality. * Televangelists: ministers who would spread their messages via television networks * Gerald R. Ford/WIN/Mayaguez incident/Election of 1976 * Gerald R. Ford: Nixon’s vice president after Agnew resigned; he became the only president never to be elected. Taking office after Nixon resigned, he pardoned Nixon for all federal crimes that he â€Å"committed or may have committed. * WIN: â€Å"Whip Inflation Now† a program by the ford administration to curb inflation and dramatic price increases by putting pressure on businesses to lower prices and deter consumers from hording goods. Did not really work. Start due to OPEC * Mayaguez incident: in May of 1975, Cambodian communists seize the ship Mayaguez and 39 Ameri cans are held hostage. In retaliation the president ordered bombing on Cambodia and the launch of a rescue mission * Election of 1976: Jimmy Carter/democrat vs.Gerald Ford/republican= carter wins * Jimmy Carter/Love Canal/Panama Canal Treaty/SALT II/Iran hostage crisis/Camp David * Jimmy Carter: from Georgia was viewed as a Washington â€Å"outsider† with no political ties and no scandals, people thought he would bring fresh ideas * stressed human rights. because of the soviet war in Afghanistan, he enacted an embargo on grain shipments to USSR and boycotted the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Created the department of energy and the department of education. e was criticized for his return of the panama canal zone * Love Canal: a neighborhood in Niagara falls, New York, which became the subject of national and international attention, controversy, and eventual environmental notoriety following the discovery of 21,000 tons of toxic waste buried beneath the neighborhood * Panama Canal Treaty: 1978 – passed by president carter, these called for the gradual return of the Panama Canal to the people and government of panama.Very controversial. The people were not happy. * SALT II: (strategic arms limitation treaty) superpowers pledged to limit nuclear arms production, although signed it was never officially ratified by the American senate * Iran hostage crisis: in November 1979, revolutionaries stormed the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 Americans hostage. The carter administration tried unsuccessfully to negotiate for the hostages’ release. n January 20, 1981, the day carter left office, Iran released the Americans, ending their 444 days in captivity * Camp David: peace talks between Egypt and Israel mediated by president carter * they led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the red sea and Suez canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the t wo countries. his isolated Egypt from the other Arab countries and led to Sadat’s assassination in 1981 * Ronald Reagan/Reagan Revolution/Reaganomics/deregulation/Contras/Grenada/Beirut bombings * Ronald Reagan: elected president in 1980 and again in 1984. he ran on a campaign based on the common man and â€Å"populist† ideas. Had participated in McCarthy trials. Iran released hostages on his inauguration day in 1980. he used the strategic defense initiative to avoid conflict. his meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the cold war. e was also responsible for the Iran-contra affair which bought hostages with guns * Reagan Revolution: increased defense spending reduced social programs and cut taxes they were based on supply side theory of growing the economy by cutting government interference and taxes. attempt to return America to the traditional values of church, family, and free enterprise * Reaganomics: these policies combined a monetarist fiscal pol icy, supply-side(cut income taxes), and domestic budget cutting. heir goal was to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth, unemployed started going back to work * it included tax breaks for the rich, â€Å"supply-side economics,† and â€Å"trickle down† theory * Deregulation: the lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer * Contras: a Nicaraguan rebel group that got financial support from the CIA. his group was formed as a response to the overthrowing of Anastazio Somoza Debayle * Grenada: a small Latin country where a communist government had taken power. Reagan invaded the country in protest of communist expansion, showing that he was not pursuing detente. Beirut bombings: Lebanon 1983: two truck bombs struck separate buildings housing united states and French military forces killing 299 Americans and Fr enchmen – suicide bombers – led to the withdrawal of the international peacekeeping force from Lebanon – Reagan administration was ; is severely criticized for its foreign policy * SDI/Election of 1984/Iran-Contra Affair/Mikhail Gorbachev/START/INF Treaty/Pan Am 103 * SDI: Reagan’s proposed strategic defense initiative (1983), also known as â€Å"star ars,† called for a land- or space-based shield against a nuclear attack. Although SDI was criticized as unfeasible and in violation of the antiballistic missile (ABM) treaty, congress approved billions of dollars for development. * Election of 1984: republican: Ronald Reagan (won in a landslide) democrat: Walter Mondale (running mate: Geraldine Ferraro– first woman candidate). Iran-Contra Affair: president Reagan authorized the off-the-books sale of stolen weapons from the pentagon to Iran in order to fund the Nicaraguan contras; congress had forbidden him to use government funds to support the contras; helped keep Iraq from winning the Iraq-Iran war (did not want a middle eastern superpower); very illegal (Iran was considered a terrorist state) and almost caused Reagan to be impeached * Mikhail Gorbachev: soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the cold war and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms * START: â€Å"Strategic Arms Reduction Talks†, talks between the united states and the soviet union in which reductions in missiles and nuclear warheads, not merely a limitation on increases, were negotiated * INF Treaty: 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Signed in Washington, DC. by US. President Ronald Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987. he treaty eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges, defined as between 500-5,500 km (300-3,400 miles). under the treaty both nations were allowed to inspect each other's military installations * Pan Am 103: 19 88 Libyan terrorist attack on US; destroyed American plane (bomb); worst terrorist attack on us until 9/11 (270 killed) Questions: 1. Which social activist movement of the 1960s continued strongly in the 1970s and 1980s? Why? a. The environmental movement continued strongly in the 1970’s and 1980s. It gained momentum with Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, and the environmental laws of the 1960’s and the start of Earth Day in 1970.The creation of groups such as Sierra Club and Greenpeace, for which membership increased greatly. Campaigns to save animals, plants, and the ocean were launched. In the 1970’s environmentalists attacked the nuclear plants employing rallies and protests. The Three Mile Island incident and the China Syndrome movie also aided in Environment change. b. The woman’s movement also continued strongly. With the Roe v. Wade decision, and the ERA 2. What was the  Roe  v. Wade  decision? Why did it prove to be politically divisive throughout the 1980s and early 1990s? c. Roe v. Wade was the 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional.The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester. d. The decision proved controversial, especially with the Evangelicals who were pro-life. The women, however, responded with Pro-life campaigns, which polls revealed represented the majority of Americans. 3. How did prospects for Native Americans improve in the late 1960s and 1970s? What significant problems continued to plague American Indians? e. Acts of militancy by the Native Americans caused the government to give the native Americans more rights over their lives and the reservations. Pride in being Native grew.The natives also launched business ventures on the reservations, maki ng a lot of doe. They also gained the rights guaranteed in previous treaties. Alcoholism, disease, and high unemployment rates still affected the reservations but they still gained prosperity as a whole. 4. In what ways did religious faith play a more decisive cultural and political role in the 1970s and 1980s? f. The evangelists took on conservative backlash against the radical changes in America. They first made movements against Roe v. Wade which led to the government stopping Medicaid for abortions. It also stopped the passing of the ERA bill. It also retrogressed the gay rights movement. New groups formed with religion and spiritual questioning.The moral majority formed the pro-life, pro-family, pro-moral, and pro-American crusade. Televangelists appeared on TV across the nation reaching millions of viewers. 5. What were the troubles that overwhelmed the Carter administration and prevented Carter's reelection? g. Carter gave the Panama Canal back to Panama. His sheltering of th e Shah in Iran led to the hostage situation in Iran. The Iranians abused the American flag, and had anti-American mobs. Inflation grew sharply worse as a second major oil crisis drove up prices. The Federal Reserve Board pushed the discount rate ever higher. With the cost of both credit and oil so high, economic activity deteriorated to â€Å"stagflation. † Carter’s reign was cursed.